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Wölz J Grosshans K Streck G Schulze T Rastall A Erdinger L Brack W Fleig M Kühlers D Braunbeck T Hollert H 《Chemosphere》2011,85(5):717-723
Bankside groundwater is widely used as drinking water resource and, therefore, contamination has to be avoided. In the European Union groundwater protection is explicit subject to Water Framework Directive. While groundwater pollution may originate from different sources, this study investigated on impacts via flood events.Groundwater was sampled with increasing distance to the river Rhine near Karlsruhe, Germany. Samples were HPLC-MS-MS analyzed for the river contaminant carbamazepine to indicate river water infiltration, giving permanent presence in 250 m distance to the river (14-47 μg L−1). Following a flood event, concentrations of about 16-20 μg L−1 could also be detected in a distance of 750 m to the river. Furthermore, estrogenic activity as determined with the Yeast Estrogen Screen assay was determined to increase up to a 17β-ethinylestradiol equivalent concentration (E-EQ) = 2.9 ng L−1 near the river, while activity was initially measured following the flood with up to E-EQ = 2.6 ng L−1 in 750 m distance. Detections were delayed with increasing distance to the river indicating river water expansion into the aquifer.Flood suspended matter and floodplain soil were fractionated and analyzed for estrogenic activity in parallel giving up to 1.4 ng g−1 and up to 0.7 ng g−1, respectively. Target analysis focusing on known estrogenic active substances only explained <1% of measured activities.Nevertheless, river water infiltration was shown deep into bankside groundwater, thus, impacting groundwater quality. Therefore, flood events have to be in the focus when aiming for groundwater and drinking water protection as well as for implementation of Water Framework Directive. 相似文献
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酸/碱改性香蒲生物炭对水中磷的去除及其机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
雨水径流中存在的磷污染问题严重威胁生态环境,而传统的雨水径流处理设施,如雨水花园、渗滤沟等,对磷的去除率较低且成本较高.以湿地中收割的香蒲为原材料,酸改性后制备的生物炭(TH7)的除磷效果非常好,明显优于碱改性生物炭(TOH7):与原生物炭(T7)相比,酸改性生物炭大大提高了磷的去除效率,可从T7的65%提高至94%,而碱改性生物炭无除磷效果.TH7的表面孔隙发达,比表面积高达434.2m2·g-1,对磷的吸附符合Freundlich模型和伪二级动力学模型,其吸附属于物理化学吸附,具体的机制为孔隙填充、表面化学沉淀、氢键结合.研究表明,以香蒲为原料制备的改性生物炭是一种效果优越的除磷吸附剂,可应用于植草沟、雨水花园等以填料为主要吸附层的径流处理设施中. 相似文献
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化学修饰电极在环境监测中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要综述化学修饰电极在环境监测中的实际应用,包括土壤监测、大气监测、水质监测和生物监测. 相似文献
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Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently. 相似文献
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化学强化一级处理-人工湿地处理生活污水效果 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
为解决传统的污水二级生化处理工艺运行成本较高问题并满足日趋增长的小城镇污水处理实际需要,开展了粉煤灰基混凝剂化学强化一级处理—潜流式人工湿地(CEPT-SFCW)系统处理生活污水的实验研究。结果表明,在人工湿地负荷率为0.05~0.1m3/(m·2d)的条件下,CEPT-SFCW系统对COD的去除率>85%。同时,CEPT-SFCW系统对总磷的去除率很高,虽然在进水含磷量低时人工湿地会发生磷释放的现象,出水中磷浓度仍可达到GB8978-1996中的二级排放标准。该系统对氨氮去除效率较低,最高可达到10%,去除效果与植物的生长状态有关。 相似文献
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自救器是矿山井下必须携带的个体防护装置。通过对不同生氧药剂的化学反应热分析、生氧温度的理论计算和实验测试,详细分析了NaO2和KO2药剂生氧温度的高低及变化,得出:在出现相对最高温度之前,NaO2的反应速度及生氧温度明显高于在同时段内KO2的反应速度及生氧温度;但出现相对最高温度之后,NaO2的反应速度及生氧温度迅速衰减,且其衰减速度较KO2的更快。等量KO2药剂较NaO2药剂的反应时间更长一些。建议矿用自救器优选KO2为生氧药剂。 相似文献
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目的 提高压气机叶片有机涂层的耐冲刷和防腐性能.方法 以氨基改性环氧树脂为粘接剂,通过加入高硬度Al2O3填料以及其他着色、防锈颜料,并充分分散,制备一种具有耐冲刷防腐功能的有机涂层.通过摆杆硬度测试、磨耗测试、冲刷测试、腐蚀测试及其他力学性能测试,对耐冲刷防腐有机涂层的综合性能进行评价,对比高硬度Al2O3填料含量对涂层性能的影响.结果 添加高硬度Al2O3填料,有效提高了涂层的硬度、耐磨耗性和冲刷性.当添加量为15%(质量分数)时,性能达到最优,硬度为0.92,冲刷失效时间为常温的475 s和高温的385 s,相比未添加氧化铝时,性能提高了300%以上.进一步添加氧化铝填料将对涂层形貌和粗糙度有较大劣化影响,硬度和耐冲刷性都相应降低,但耐磨耗性数据却在不断提高,涂层的摆杆硬度更能反映真实的耐冲刷能力.研制的耐冲刷有机涂层综合性能优异,相比渗铝等无机涂层工艺,该涂层还具有腐蚀防护的特性.结论 高硬度Al2O3填料的加入可以有效提高涂层的耐冲刷能力,但需控制添加量,以免影响涂层的粗糙度,有机耐冲刷涂层的腐蚀防护性能相比传统无机涂层具有明显优势. 相似文献
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研究了用Nafion化学修饰电极预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅的方法。土壤经0.1mol/L HCl处理,以Nafion修饰的钨丝电极富集可溶性痕量铅后,放入石墨杯中进行原子吸收法测定。实验结果,在pH3.5的HCl介质中,测定的线性范围为0~4.5μg/L,检测限为0.04μg/L;对浓度为2μg/L的铅标准溶液平行测定10次,相对标准偏差为2.6%;10多种离子不干扰测定,样品回收 相似文献