稻、土及田水中锐劲特残留量分析方法

建立了新型杀虫剂锐劲特及其代谢物在水稻、土壤、田水中的气相色谱毛细管柱残留分析方法。该方法对锐劲特及其代谢物MB46513、MB45950、MB46136、RPA200766等，在水稻中的最低检出浓度依次为：0.002,0.001,0.001,0.004,0.01mg/kg；在土壤中这几种组分最低检出浓度为水稻中的1／3；在田水中最低检出浓度为水稻中的1／25。加标回收率83.4%-97.7%。变异系数1.86%-7.07%。     

谷壳灰吸附水中汞的实验探讨

用谷壳灰吸附水中的汞离子的实验表明：静态吸附率随汞离子的初始浓度升高而降低，静态吸附容量随灰的粒径减小而增大，其动活性的105.3mg/g。     

钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响

酸性镉污染水田施用不同用量的钙镁磷肥的田间试验表明:土壤中交换态镉的分配系数随钙镁磷肥用量的增加而降低,呈显著负相关(r,-0.9314);碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉的分配系数则呈显著正相关(r,0,9395)。而土壤中有效态镉含量与钙镁磷肥用量则呈显著负相关(r,-0.8853)。镉污染水田一次性投加高量钙镁磷肥后,可使土壤pH显著升高,交换态镉分配系数明显下降,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉分配系数明显升高,导致土壤中有效态镉含量大幅度下降,从而大大减少水稻植株的吸镉量。     

小凌河污水灌溉对水稻作物影响的分析

通过小凌河水灌溉水稻的清水不地比清沙漠为分析污灌给水稻作物带来的生长发育，产量及稻米品质等方面的生态效应，初步了解米质品质下降的不利因素，并提出审慎考虑污灌问题。     

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

Composting is considered to be a primary treatment method for livestock manure and rice straw, and high degree of maturity is a prerequisite for safe land application of the composting products. In this study pilot-scale experiments were carried out to characterize the co-composting process of livestock manure with rice straw, as well as to establish a maturity evaluation index system for the composts obtained. Two pilot composting piles with different feedstocks were conducted for 3 months: (1) swine manure and rice straw (SM–RS); and (2) dairy manure and rice straw (DM–RS). During the composting process, parameters including temperature, moisture, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), different forms of nitrogen (total, ammonia and nitrate), and humification index (humic acid and fulvic acid) were monitored in addition to germination index (GI), plant growth index (PGI) and Solvita maturity index. OM loss followed the first-order kinetic model in both piles, and a slightly faster OM mineralization was achieved in the SM–RS pile. Also, the SM–RS pile exhibited slightly better performance than the DM–RS according to the evolutions of temperature, OM degradation, GI and PGI. The C/N ratio, GI and PGI could be included in the maturity evaluation index system in which GI > 120% and PGI > 1.00 signal mature co-composts.     

Effect of water washing on the thermal behavior of rice straw

Rice straw can be used as a renewable fuel for heat and power generation. It is a viable mean of replacing fossil fuels and preventing pollution caused by open burning, especially in the areas where this residual biomass is generated. Nevertheless, the thermal conversion of rice straw can cause some operating problems such as slag formation, which negatively affects thermal conversion systems. So, the main objective of this research is studying the combustion behavior of rice straw samples collected from various regions by applying thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the thermal behavior of ashes from rice straw was also analyzed in order to detect their melting points, and ash sintering was detected at different temperatures within the range between 550 and 1000 °C. Since washing rice straw with water could reduce the content of undesirable inorganic compounds related to the ash fusibility, samples of washed rice straw were analyzed under combustion conditions to investigate its differences regarding the thermal behavior of rice straw. The results showed that rice straw washing led to a significant improvement in its thermal behavior, since it reduced the ash contents and sintering formation.     

紫外分光光度法测定大米中微量元素硒的含量

以市售大米为检测对象,采用凯氏烧瓶消解-紫外分光光度法测定了样品中微量元素硒的含量。结果表明:富硒大米、五常大米、白城大米、泰国香米及龙江县大米的含硒量分别为:0.258、0.054、0.051、0.033、0.045mg/kg(干基)。富硒大米的硒含量明显高于普通大米。标准曲线的相关系数r为0.9998,加标回收率在98.6%～102.7%之间,精密度RSD为2.25%,因此该法具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、工作曲线线性关系好的显著优点,可用于大米中微量元素硒的测定。     

微生物发酵米糠对Pb~(2+)的吸附研究

利用微生物对米糖进行发酵处理,制备出微生物发酵米糠重金属吸附剂,对微生物发酵米糠吸附Pb2+进行了研究,结果表明,微生物发酵米糠对Pb2+吸附效果好,吸附率可达96.5%。该吸附剂的最佳用量为20g/L。最优吸附条件为:pH4.5,温度30℃,Pb2+浓度不超过50mg/L,最佳吸附时间30min。     

高效液相色谱法测定稻米和稻田水土中多菌灵残留

采用高效液相色谱法测定稻米和稻田水土中的多菌灵残留，用稀盐酸溶液提取，经液液分配净化，外标法定量。多菌灵的峰面积与进样质量在0．15ng-220ng范围内呈线性相关，在稻田水、土壤和稻米中的最低检出质量比分别为0．01mg／kg、0．01mg／kg和0．02mg／kg。3个质量水平的加标回收试验结果表明，多菌灵在稻田水样中的平均回收率为87．1％～93．0％，RSD为3．3％～3．8％；在土壤中的平均回收率为84．8％-91．9％，RSD为1．4％～4．1％；在稻米中的平均回收率为83．9％～89．6％，RSD为1．8％-5．5％。     

我国北方稻区稻飞虱的成灾机制：一个假说

本文通过对大量文献资料的综合分析，从飞虱的飞行特性和北迁运载气流入手，以东亚大气低层环流为背景审视飞虱在有限时间内远迁北方致灾的成因机制，提出了以北上低空急流的时空变化与南方大发生虫源迁出期（区）相吻合、其前沿所至与北方迁入区相一致作为北方稻虱成灾的启动因子的假说．并提出了验证该假说的研究方法和技术路线，为揭示北方稻虱成灾的奥秘，完善灾变监测技术和预警系统奠定了基础。