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北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价 总被引:27,自引:13,他引:14
选择北运河下游典型河网区(闸坝多、水流慢和湖库化)为研究对象,通过为期1 a的水质监控,阐述了河网区氮、磷的时空变化特征,并利用对数型幂函数普适指数公式对其水体营养状态进行了评价.结果表明,河网区水体中TN平均质量浓度为12.50 mg.L-1(NH4+-N占67.41%),TP为1.45 mg.L-1(SRP占80.81%).河网区水体中氮、磷的时空分布特征明显,TN和NO 3--N质量浓度随季节变化特征趋于一致,NH 4+-N稍有不同;TP和SRP质量浓度随季节变化特征基本一致.从河网区进水带至出水带,水体中氮、磷质量浓度均呈逐渐下降趋势,其中TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N平均质量浓度分别从19.30、13.22和2.19mg.L-1降至7.98、4.45和1.50 mg.L-1;TP和SRP分别从1.95和1.59 mg.L-1降至1.11和0.91 mg.L-1.富营养化评价综合指数表明,河网区水体在时空尺度上均处于"极富"营养状态. 相似文献
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京杭大运河苏州高新区段水质污染状况研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以2005—2010年京杭大运河苏州高新区段水质监测数据为基础,运用内梅罗综合污染指数法以及采取方差分析对京杭大运河苏州高新区段水质的主要污染因子及其变化趋势进行了研究,并对京杭大运河水质污染状况进行了综合评价。结果表明:京杭大运河苏州高新区段主要污染物为氨氮、总磷;氨氮浓度在2006—2010年间虽有明显下降,但仍超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)IV类水质要求,为劣V类水,总磷亦有明显下降,但在2008—2010年3年间其浓度略有波动,在IV类和V类水质之间浮动;2005—2008年间其水质处于污染状态,2009—2010年水质较好,为轻污染。该研究结果可为苏州高新区河流水环境治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Changpeng Zhang Hua Zhao Lifeng Ping Xiaoming Cai Min Wu Hongmei He 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):319-323
This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment. 相似文献
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Aragón-Durand F 《Disasters》2007,31(4):477-494
Chronic flooding in the Chalco valley, state of Mexico, Mexico, is the outcome of past and present socio‐environmental changes which have taken place in Mexico City's south‐eastern peri‐urban interface. This flooding is the result of a complex interaction between urbanisation in an ex‐lacustrine area, permanent ecological deterioration and ground subsidence, poor sanitation and inadequate policy responses. Far from solving the flooding problem, short‐term policy responses have created increasingly unsafe conditions for current residents. A socio‐historical analysis of disasters reveals the importance of taking into consideration particular social actors and institutions in hazard generation and flood vulnerability over time. This paper analyses three aspects of this flooding: first, the importance of approaching floods from a socio‐historical perspective; second, the relation between urbanisation, former policies and flood risk generation; and third, current policy responses to and the failure in the risk management of La Compañía Canal. 相似文献
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为探明北运河流域(北京段)多层沉积物中PAHs(多环芳烃)的污染状况,利用活塞式底泥取样器于2014年11月采集了9处沉积物样品,取样深度为30~80 cm,每处样品根据其垂向介质特征大致分成3~4层,分别测定各层样品的粒径、TOM(总有机质)及16种PAHs的质量分数,探讨PAHs在河道沿程与垂向上的分布特征、来源及生态风险评价.结果表明,北运河流域(北京段)沉积物以砂质壤土为主,w(TOM)(以干质量计,下同)为103.4~146.8 g/kg,w(∑16PAHs)为598.1~28 730.6 ng/g,各层w(∑16PAHs)为108.5~8 810.8 ng/g.沉积物中PAHs以高环为主,主要包括有Phe(Phenanthrene,菲)、Fla(Fluoranthene,荧蒽)、Pyr(Pyrene,芘)、BbF〔Benzo(b)fluoranthene,苯并[b]荧蒽〕.在河道沿程变化上,中下游沉积物的污染程度远高于上游.在垂向变化上,w(TOM)和沉积物粒径对PAHs的分布影响有限,PAHs的垂向分布主要受所处沉积环境与历史污染程度影响.根据主成分分析与同分异构体比值法推断,PAHs主要来源于化石燃料与生物燃料的燃烧,少部分为石油源.利用效应区间值得出的生态风险评价结果表明,北运河流域(北京段)沉积物中PAHs可能已对环境产生负面影响,其中BbF、BkF、InP与BgP已对环境产生毒副作用,需要给予关注与解决. 相似文献
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S. S. Cook J. L. Roberts G. M. Hallegraeff A. McMinn 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(3):171-181
We assessed the potential impact of a proposed canal development in an estuarine sandflat at Ralphs Bay, Tasmania on intertidal
microalgal productivity and species composition, by comparing it over summer and winter seasons with a well- established (30 year
old) canal estate at Patterson Lakes, Victoria. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry was used to generate a relative
measure of photosynthetic performance, which combined with microalgal chlorophyll biomass and irradiance provides an assessment
of potential primary productivity. We present a sophisticated mathematical model for calculating benthic microalgal production
and the contribution to total primary production, taking into account sediment light attenuation as estimated from sediment
grain size. Ralphs Bay had a total productive microalgal biomass of 44 mg chlorophyll a m−2 which was six times higher than Patterson Lakes, while the relative productivity of Ralphs Bay was four times greater compared
to Patterson Lakes where productivity was virtually absent in the subtidal zone of the canal waterway. Ralphs Bay exhibited
a more or less homogeneous spatial distribution of microphytobenthos biomass but this was subject to some seasonal variation
in species composition, abundance and productivity. By contrast, at Patterson Lakes biomass distribution, diversity and productivity
was highly spatially variable in the canal system in both seasons. Patterson Lakes exhibited 60% lower microphytobenthos species
richness than Ralphs Bay but little variation in species composition occurred between seasons in the canal estate. This suggests
that the dominant diatom species in Patterson Lakes, Pinnularia yarrensis, Gyrosigma balticum and Pleurosigma salinarum, are well adapted to the disturbance regime within the canal estate. The proposed canal development at Ralphs Bay is estimated
to cause a decrease in microalgal productivity by both reducing available marine substrate (66% reduction) and replacing productive
intertidal phytobenthic habitat with nonproductive canal substrate. These combine to cause a decline in productivity of 92%
with significant flow-on effects predicted for higher trophic levels such as migratory wading birds. 相似文献