Comprehensive temperature monitoring in an in-vessel forced-aeration static-bed composting process

Comprehensive temperature monitoring was done in an in-vessel forced-aeration static-bed composting process using sewage sludge. The three layers that divided the compost pile horizontally showed different temperature distributions. The temperature of the top layer appeared not to be influenced by the ambient temperature. The temperature of the center area of the top layer was taken to be the representative temperature for evaluating composting start-up performance. The temperature of the bottom layer was strongly influenced by the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the center area of the bottom layer was taken to be the representative temperature for pathogen control as it was the minimum temperature in the reactor. Composting start-up performance was influenced by several factors when the ambient temperature was either below or above 20°C. When the ambient temperature was below 20°C, the time taken to reach 65°C (T ₆₅) was influenced by the temperature of inflowing air, but when the temperature was higher than 20°C, it was influenced by the ratio of sewage sludge to seed compost (F/S). T ₆₅ was least when F/S was 1–2. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: October 10, 2001     

多介质土壤层系统(MSL)启动性能研究

在滇池支流新运粮河河岸建立3个多介质土壤层系统(MSL),在3个不同表面负荷下,对其处理污染河水时的挂膜启动性能进行了研究,研究其运行启动周期,并对系统初期的去除机理进行了初步探讨,试验结果表明,COD的启动周期为15～20 d,TP的启动周期为7～10 d,氨氮的启动周期为25～30 d,系统的启动周期为25～30d。该系统属于复合生态系统,其对污染物的去除包括物理作用、化学电化学作用、生物作用,对其启动周期的研判不能以单一的出水稳定达标来判断,而要出水数据综合断定。     

厌氧氨氧化工艺在UASB反应器中的启动运行研究

利用UASB反应器进行了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动运行研究。以自配高氮低碳废水为进水,普通厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在温度35℃,pH7.5～8.0的条件下连续运行220d,成功实现了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动,氨氮容积负荷为0.43kg/(m~3·d)时,氨氮的去除率最高达88.3％,扫描电镜的观察结果表明,厌氧氨氧化污泥中的细菌以形状不规则的短杆菌为主。     

双泥折流板反应器反硝化除磷启动试验研究

以生活污水作为处理对象,采用双泥折流板反应器,进行了反硝化除磷的启动运行试验研究。在进水有机负荷为0．5kg／（m^3．d）,m（C）lm（N）=5,t=30（＋0．5）℃,HRT=11．08h,R=0．4,r=0．38,SRT=20d的条件下,系统对CODCr,TN,TP,氨氮的去除率分别为67％,63％,50％和82％,出水质量浓度分别为70mg／L,18mg／L,2．8mg／L,6．8mg／L．表明采用该装置进行反硝化除磷的研究是可行的。     

生产性IC反应器处理啤酒废水启动研究

ＩＣ反应器是处于世界先进水平的有机废水生物厌氧处理技术。经国内首次ＩＣ反应器启动研究，启动周期为６５ｄ，反应器ＣＯＤ负荷为２５ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ６３．ｄ）－３０ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）ＣＯＤ去除率为８０％。     

A comparison study of the start-up of a MnOx filter for catalytic oxidative removal of ammonium from groundwater and surface water

As an efficient method for ammonium (NH4+) removal, contact catalytic oxidation technology has drawn much attention recently, due to its good low temperature resistance and short start-up period. Two identical filters were employed to compare the process for ammonium removal during the start-up period for ammonium removal in groundwater (Filter-N) and surface water (Filter-S) treatment. Two types of source water (groundwater and surface water) were used as the feed waters for the filtration trials. Although the same initiating method was used, Filter-N exhibited much better ammonium removal performance than Filter-S. The differences in catalytic activity among these two filters were probed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and compositional analysis. XRD results indicated that different manganese oxide species were formed in Filter-N and Filter-S. Furthermore, the Mn3p XPS spectra taken on the surface of the filter films revealed that the average manganese valence of the inactive manganese oxide film collected from Filter-S (FS-MnOx) was higher than in the film collected from Filter-N (FN-MnOx). Mn(IV) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FS-MnOx and Mn(III) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FN-MnOx. The results of compositional analyses suggested that polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) used during the surface water treatment was an important factor in the mineralogy and reactivity of MnOx. This study provides the theoretical basis for promoting the wide application of the technology and has great practical significance.     

生物-生态组合工艺处理城市污水的启动研究

生物-生态优化组合工艺试验规模为100 m3/d,通过探索自然启动阶段生物-生态的优化组合模式,提高了启动中组合工艺的处理效能、缩短了处理效能波动时段,实现了向运行阶段的平稳过渡,为工程规模的启动提供了系统依据.研究表明,在启动阶段通过生物-生态优化工况组合,可达到组合工艺COD去除率90%、TN去除率40%～70%、TP去除率90%的去除效果.     

两级曝气生物滤池启动过程研究

曝气生物滤池是在普通生物滤池的基础上开发的污水处理新工艺.研究了两级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水时各级的启动状况,考察了出水中主要污染物和生物滤池内生物量随时间的变化情况.结果表明,氧化有机物的碳化曝气生物滤池的启动速度要远快于氧化氨氮的硝化曝气生物滤池.鉴于这两部分在启动期间表现出来的不同特性,在处理生活污水的时候,为了获得更快的同步启动速度,这两级曝气生物滤池应分别启动,并重点针对硝化滤池增加强化措施.     

IC反应器的启动研究进展

针对IC反应器存在的启动时间较长的问题,对有关IC反应器的启动研究做一综述,为IC反应器的研究提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Fast start-up anammox process using Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) containing supernatant

N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C₁₂-HSL) was detected in the supernatant of an anammox granular sludge reactor (AGSR). C₁₂-HSL could enhance the specific anammox activity of anammox biomass. Adding C₁₂-HSL-containing AGSR supernatant into the continuously stirred tank reactors reduced the start-up time of the anammox process from 80 to 66 days. Moreover, the nitrogen loading rate was also enhanced to 1.6 times that of the control reactor. AHLs could increase the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and anammox obtained better enrichment with the addition of AHLs-containing AGSR supernatant. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis further revealed that AHLs played a role in mediating microbial community parameters. In conclusion, adding AHL-containing supernatant could be an effective and economical way to accelerate the start-up of anammox.