北海污水汽提装置运行探讨

介绍北海分公司含硫污水汽提装置改造情况及运行效果，并对装置存在的问题进行分析，提出解决办法。     

沧州炼油厂含硫污水汽提技术分析

通过对沧炼酸性水汽提技术的分析，论述了酸性水预处理、汽提工艺过程，提出了在设计和操作过程中应注意的问题和采取的措施。     

重金属离子快速检测技术研究与应用进展

在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。     

Recovery of methyl orange and Congo red from aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) in benzene as carrier

The recovery of anionic azo dyes namely Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) from acidic aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) as an extractant has been investigated. The percentage of extraction of MO and CR increases with an increasing TOA concentration. The anionic dyes were extracted from aqueous solution at pH 2.0 ± 0.1. The extracted dye has been back extracted into aqueous solutions using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase obtained after the stripping of dyes was washed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize any sulphuric acid trapped or adhered to the solvent and then with distilled water. This solvent was reused in succeeding extraction of dyes. The influencing parameters were; the effect of diluents, effect of extractant concentration, effect of pH, effect of interference study, effect of equilibrium time, various stripping reagents and stripping phase ratio. The characterization studies such as UV and IR spectra of extracted and stripped MO and CR was also studied.     

The Influence of Trace Elements on Environment; Distribution of Thallium in Fluids of Volcanic Areas

During weathering of igneous rocks thallium can be readily mobilized as TI⁺ in aqueous phase and picked up by plants. In this way it can reach the alimentary cycle of both livestock and humans. Since the toxicity of thallium is well-established, an analytical procedure for its determination is optimized in order to contribute to the knowledge of TI⁺ distribution in specific environments. The analytical method is applied to fluid phase samples from Vulcano island (Italy) and from other volcanic areas.     

酸性水汽提回收液氨质量问题的探讨

介绍镇海炼化在液氨质量攻关中所取得的成绩。指出提高液氨质量的主要途径为优化汽提操作及改造气氨精制系统。说明随着原水水质变化适时调整汽提操作是解决液氨质量的关键；洗涤法、结晶法、吸附法相结合的工艺是行之有效的气氨精制工艺。     

微分脉冲阴极溶出伏安法测定废水中痕量的氰化物

本文报导了在0.1%的乙二胺介质中,在悬汞电极上可得到一灵敏的微分脉冲阴极溶出峰电流.峰电位约为-0.21伏(相对于Ag—Agcl电极)。CN~-浓度在0.01—9.0ppm范围内,与峰电流有线性关系.其检测限为0.1ppb。不经分离,可直接用于电镀废水和其它水质中痕量氰化物的测定.     

从负载铅的DNNSA-P204煤油溶液中反萃铅

研究了从二壬基萘磺酸-二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(DNNSA-P204)负载有机相中反萃铅的影响因素.考察了反萃剂种类、反萃时间、反萃温度、反萃剂浓度和反萃油水比(VO/VA)对负载有机相中铅反萃的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸为最佳反萃剂,反萃平衡的时间为5 min,低温有利于反萃.反萃过程为放热过程,过程焓变为-942.7 J·mol-1.广角激光光散射和FT-IR结果表明:DNNSA浓度不变时,DNNSA-P204形成的混合反胶团随着P204浓度的增加而变大,负载有机相中的铅以Pb AD形式增溶进入混合反胶团内水相中.经多次反萃后,萃取剂DNNSA-P204对铅仍有较好的萃取能力.当反萃时间为5 min,温度为298 K,油水比为2∶1,硝酸浓度为0.6 mol·L-1时,反萃率可达到70%.     

炼油厂酸性水汽提装置存在的问题及对策

目前炼油厂酸性水汽提装置存在着诸如汽提净化水中氨含量过高、侧线抽出富氨气中硫化氢含量过高、汽提塔处理能力达不到设计负荷等问题。通过分析，提出了相应的改进对策，如加碱汽提、流程优化等。     

水和废水中甲乙酮监测分析方法研究

研究了水和废水中甲乙酮经气提 (吹扫 )在常温下用 2 ,4 -硝基苯肼 (DNPH)酸性饱和溶液吸收 ,经衍生形成甲乙酮腙 ,用CS2 萃取后再用气相色谱 (GC -FID)以OV - 175 % /ShimaliteW为固定相和载体 ,分离测定的方法 ,对水和废水中的甲乙酮的测定获得满意的结果