Optimal Absorbent Evaluation for the CO2 Separating Process by Absorption Loading,Desorption Efficiency,Cost, and Environmental Tolerance

The CO₂ absorption capacities of potassium glycinate, potassium sarcosinate (choline, proline), mono-ethanolamine (MEA), and tri-ethanolamine were evaluated to find the optimal absorbent for separating CO₂ from gaseous products by a CO₂ purification process. The absorption loading, desorption efficiency, cost, and environmental tolerance were assessed to select the optimal absorbent. MEA was found to be the optimum absorbent for separating the CO₂ and H₂ mixture in gaseous product. The maximum absorption loading rate was 0.77 mol CO₂ per mol MEA at temperature of 20°C and absorbent concentration of 2.5 mol/L, whereas desorption efficiency was 90% by heating for 3 h at 130°C. MEA was found to be an optimal absorbent for the purification process of CO₂ during gaseous production.     

Review: recent advances in biogas purifying technologies

Biomethane production through biogas upgrading is a promising renewable energy for some industries which could be part of the equilibrium needed with fossil fuels consumption to achieve a sustainable society. This paper presents a comprehensive list of biogas upgrading technologies focused on carbon dioxide removal as well as recent advances reported by researcher with wide expertise in this topic. Additionally, an extensive costs–performance comparison among the technologies studied is discussed. Among the different alternatives, chemical scrubbing stood out to achieve high biomethane purities while cryogenic technologies proved to be effective against methane losses. Regarding the different costs, water scrubbing and membrane separation seem to be the most affordable techniques.     

单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

植物大气污染响应高光谱监测实例研究

选择某钢铁企业绿化树种桂花当年生叶片作为供试样本,测试叶片光谱反射率之后分别测试叶液pH值、叶片含硫量、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量,研究生长在S02 污染环境下桂花叶片光谱的变化以及相应的部分生理生化指标的变化.研究表明,污染较严重生产区采集的叶片光谱反射率和红边斜率均较生活区低.叶片含硫量随大气SO2 浓度的增减而相应地变化,叶片叶绿素含量、叶液pH值、叶片含水量的变化规律与叶片含硫量和大气SO2浓度的变化规律相反.     

Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的制备及电催化降解罗丹明B

采用电沉积法制备了Ti／MnO2／PbO2电极，并用其对质量浓度为20mg／L的罗丹明B模拟废水进行了电催化降解实验。实验结果表明：原水pH为4．95，无须调节废水的pH；最佳电解实验条件为：支持电解质NazSO4浓度0．09mol／L，电解电流密度40mA／cm^2，处理时间40min，在此条件下罗丹明B的去除率接近100％。     

上海地区大气中氯化氢和颗粒氯排放源清单初步研究

氯自由基对于臭氧和二次气溶胶的生成贡献不容忽视.夜间颗粒相氯(Cl~-)可以通过与N_2O_5的复杂反应转化生成ClNO_2,其光解产生的氯自由基将显著影响大气污染的形成机制.本文以上海地区为案例,以2017年为基准年,收集了人为源活动水平数据,采用排放系数估算方法,首次建立了上海地区人为源氯化氢(HCl)和颗粒氯(Cl~-)的排放清单;并进一步结合模型计算海盐气溶胶排放的颗粒氯(Cl~-).结果表明,2017年上海市人为源和天然源排放的HCl和Cl~-分别为1207 t和820 t,其中,燃煤、工业、垃圾焚烧和秸秆燃烧产生的HCl排放量分别为327、134、722和24 t.燃煤源中的燃煤电厂和其它行业燃烧约占燃煤源排放的80%;工业源中水泥为HCl的最大排放源,约占工业源排放的51%;垃圾焚烧厂排放约占总HCl排放的60%,为最大的HCl排放源.燃煤、工业源、垃圾焚烧、秸秆焚烧、烹饪源和海盐的颗粒Cl~-排放量分别为82、153、498、47、39和0.6 t,燃煤源中的燃煤电厂占燃煤Cl~-排放的40%,供热、其他行业和家庭燃烧分别占燃煤Cl~-排放的24%、22%和14%;钢铁行业为工业源的主要Cl~-排放源,约占工业源排放的90%,垃圾焚烧厂占全部Cl~-排放的61%,烹饪源中餐饮企业为最主要排放源,占烹饪源的70%;天然源海盐的排放量极少,未占到总排放的1%.从空间分布来看,浦东新区、宝山、普陀、松江和金山排放的HCl和Cl~-占到全市人为源总排放的80%,为主要的HCl和Cl~-排放区域.本文研究建立的上海地区大气中氯化氢和颗粒氯排放源清单,对于深入研究氯化学机制对二次污染的影响提供了重要的数据参考.     

供水管网生物膜有机物的二氯乙腈与二氯乙酰胺生成特性

在饮用水输配系统中,来源于管壁生物膜的有机物可能耗氯并生成消毒副产物(DBPs),包括二氯乙腈(DCAN)与二氯乙酰胺(DCAcAm)等高毒性含氮DBPs(N-DBPs).研究考察管网常见的细菌与其胞外聚合物(EPS)以及模拟管壁生物膜氯化与氯胺化后DCAN与DCAcAm的生成,并与天然有机物(NOM)和水源水有机物进行比较.结果显示,铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌与藤黄微球菌与氯反应生成的DCAN、DCAcAm浓度分别为1.48～2.02、0.21～0.38μg·mg~(-1)(mg~(-1)以TOC计),高于同反应条件下NOM的生成量;相比于氯化反应,3株细菌细胞氯胺化生成的DCAN与DCAcAm浓度明显更低.3株菌的EPS也是氯与氯胺化反应生成DCAN与DCAcAm的前体物,且其氯胺化反应生成的DCAcAm浓度高于氯化反应生成的.与NOM、水源水相比,模拟管壁生物膜氯化后生成的N-DBPs与三氯甲烷(TCM)浓度比更高,表明生物膜有机物比NOM与水源水有机物更倾向生成DCAN与DCAcAm类N-DBPs,且模拟管壁生物膜氯胺化的DCAcAm生成量高于氯化反应的,说明管壁生物膜有机物是供水管网系统中DCAN与DCAcAm类N-DBPs的重要前体物.     

基于腔衰减相移光谱法的二氧化氮分析仪的设计与应用

基于腔衰减相移光谱法设计了一套二氧化氮在线分析仪,通过优化测量参数,该仪器可长期稳定运行,其时间分辨率为60 s,检出限为0.191 ppb,在0~300 ppb范围内,NO₂气体浓度与相位正切信号值具有较好的二次拟合关系,R²为0.9995.另外,该仪器在泰安站进行了长期外场观测,并与改装后的进口商品化仪器PKU-Thermo 42i-TL进行比对实验,结果表明,两者的测量结果一致性较好,R²=0.9811,表明其具有良好的运行稳定性和测定结果准确性,适用于环境大气二氧化氮浓度的在线监测.外场观测结果表明,春季泰安站二氧化氮浓度均值为12.39 ppb,有明显日变化规律.     

Ca(OH)2解吸并固定混合吸收液中CO2的实验研究

CO₂化学吸收法分离纯度高,技术成熟,但能耗过高及成本是困扰该技术发展的瓶颈.在常压条件下对利用Ca（OH）₂直接矿物碳酸化固定MDEA/PZ混合吸收富液中CO₂进行了一系列实验研究,考察了吸收液负荷、Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、温度及搅拌速率等因素对解吸率的影响,并利用动态吸收-解吸循环实验研究了其CO₂吸收性能和循环使用稳定性,最后对碳酸化反应产物进行了XRD、TEM分析.结果表明,在常压条件下,Ca（OH）₂可以通过液相直接矿物碳酸化对CO₂进行直接固定,并实现吸收富液的再生;随着负荷的升高及Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、搅拌速率的增大,解吸率随之增加;随着溶液温度升高,解吸率下降;经过5次动态吸收-解吸循环实验后CO₂吸收量可以达到并保持在0.57 mol·L^-1,显示出了良好的循环稳定性.     

Tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase catalyst performance for ozone decomposition

The performance of Ce-OMS-2 catalysts was improved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase the oxygen vacancy density. The Ce-OMS-2 samples were prepared with different fill percentages by means of a hydrothermal approach (i.e. 80%, 70%, 50% and 30%). Ce-OMS-2 with 80% fill percentage (Ce-OMS-2-80%) showed ozone conversion of 97%, and a lifetime experiment carried out for more than 20?days showed that the activity of the catalyst still remained satisfactorily high (91%). For Ce-OMS-2-80%, Mn ions in the framework as well as K ions in the tunnel sites were replaced by Ce⁴⁺, while for the others only Mn ions were replaced. O₂-TPD and H₂-TPR measurements proved that the Ce-OMS-2-80% catalyst possessed the greatest number of mobile surface oxygen species. XPS and XAFS showed that increasing the fill percentage can reduce the AOS of Mn and augment the amount of oxygen vacancies. The active sites, which accelerate the elimination of O₃, can be enriched by increasing the oxygen vacancies. These findings indicate that increasing ozone removal can be achieved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process.