电脉冲作用下粉体成形的研究

介绍了电脉冲对粉体成形的原理。从电迁移和电脉冲作用下的非平衡相变讨论了粉体成形的机理 ,为块状纳米材料的制备提供一个新思路     

电动力学作用下多溴联苯醚在土壤中的迁移特性

以4，4′-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15)为研究对象，探讨了电极电压、初始土壤pH、β-环糊精加入量、NaCl加入量等工艺条件对多溴联苯醚在土壤中迁移效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电极电压为5~15V范围内，随着电极电压的升高，土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果增强;初始土壤为酸性时、加入β-环糊精或NaCl后，土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果均增强。本实验选择的最佳工作条件为:电极电压15V，初始土壤pH3，β-环糊精的加入量3g，NaCl加入量5g。     

土壤无机离子在非均匀电场作用下的迁移

研究了非均匀电场对不饱和沙壤土中的NO₃^-和SO₄^2-的迁移特征,揭示利用非均匀电场向土壤中注入营养物和电子受体的特性.结果表明,非均匀电场能有效地增强土壤中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-的移动性,在1.0V/cm电压梯度下不饱和沙壤土中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-的电迁移速率分别高达22.0,16.5cm/d;在非均匀电场中无机离子主要通过场强较大的区域迁移;切换电场极性可以方便地控制土壤中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-的运移,同时能促使NO3-转化为NO₂^-.利用非均匀电场的迁移和富集效应,可以有效地向土壤中注入无机离子或者将污染离子从土壤中分离出来.     

氟污染土壤的阳极强化电动力学修复研究

在不同电解电压及阳极电解液浓度下,对土壤氟在电动力学作用下的迁移特征及其影响因素进行了研究,分析了利用阳极强化电动力学技术修复氟污染土壤的可行性.结果表明,1.0 V/cm电解电压下,当阳极电解液为去离子水时,氟在阴、阳极电解液中的累积量分别为8.2 mg和47.7 mg,土壤氟的去除率仅为8.8%.而阳极强化电动力学作用能够有效促进土壤中氟化物的迁移,1.0、 1.5、 2.0 V/cm电解电压下,阳极电解液为0.02 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液时,土壤氟的去除率分别为25.9%、 31.2%、 47.3%;当阳极电解液浓度升高为0.1 mol/L时,土壤氟的去除率分别为55.4%、 61.1%、 73.0%.电迁移是其主要的作用机制,电渗析也对氟在土壤中的移动产生影响.电解电压及电解液浓度是影响氟去除效率的主要因素.可以采用适当的阳极强化电动力学技术对氟污染土壤进行修复.     

Nitrogen recovery from wastewater using microbial fuel cells

Nitrogen is one of major contaminants in wastewater; however, nitrogen, as bio-elements for crop growth, is the indispensable fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were first operated with microorganisms in anode chamber and potassium ferricyanide as catholyte. After being successfully startup, the two-chamber MFCs were re-constructed to three-chamber MFCs which were used to recover the NO3−−N and NH4+−N of synthetic wastewater into value-added nitrogenous fertilizer from cathode chamber and anode chamber, respectively. Ferric nitrate was used as the sole electron acceptor in cathode, which also was used to evaluate the NO3−−N recover efficiency in the case major anion of NO3− in cathode. The output voltage of these MFCs was about 600–700 mV at an external load of 500 Ω. About 47% NH4+−N in anode chamber and 83% NO3−−N in cathode chamber could be recovered. Higher current density can selectively improve the recovery efficiency of both NH4+−N and NO3−−N. The study demonstrated a nitrogen recovery process from synthetic wastewater using three-chamber MFCs.     

污染土壤电动修复

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴的绿色原位修复技术 .本文综述了土壤电动修复的原理 ,并且概括了该领域当前 4个主要研究方向 ,提出了研究中需要补充和完善的领域     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of quinoline-contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to examine the ability of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation to efficiently remove quinoline from contaminated kaolinite soils. In order to accomplish this, the effect of a voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration on migration of quinoline in kaolinite was determined. The results showed that EK transport process effectively stimulated desorption and movement of quinoline in kaolinite. The rate and distance of migration rose with increasing voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration under certain conditions. The mechanisms that drive quinoline migration by electrodynamic processes were established as attributed to either electromigration or electroosmosis, and both played key roles in driving quinoline to migrate towards the cathode.     

土壤酚类污染物在电动力学作用下的迁移及其机理

通过小型实验研究并比较了土壤中苯酚和2,4-二氯酚在均匀和非均匀电动力学作用下的迁移特征和机理,分析了利用电动力学技术修复酚类污染土壤的可行性.结果表明,电动力学过程能有效地促进土壤中苯酚及2,4-二氯酚的解吸附和迁移,电渗析和电迁移是其主要的作用机理,其迁移效果与电动力学形式、污染物类型、土壤酸碱性质和电极反应等密切相关,可以采用适当的电动力学工艺修复含酚类化合物的污染土壤.     

电动导排间隙水脱除底泥内源氮的性能

以电动土工合成材料（EKG）作为电极,采用电动导排间隙水装置,在室内模拟了氮素污染底泥修复过程,研究了间歇通电（12h On/12h Off）和持续通电2种工作模式下脱除底泥内源氮的效果,分析了底泥不同形态氮在修复过程中的迁移转化特征.实验底泥体积为0.06m³,含水率为72.82%,总氮（TN）,氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝酸盐氮（NO₃^－-N）初始浓度分别为2350.16,1635.38和297.02mg/kg.在电压梯度为1V/cm条件下修复8d后,间歇通电和持续通电模式下间隙水导排量分别为8535和8370mL,重力流约占总排水量的80.43%~82.02%.电迁移是底泥中不同形态氮迁移的主要驱动力,间歇通电和持续通电模式下TN脱除量分别为544.48和552.26mg,其中80.71%和78.02%的TN从阴极排出.经过电动导排间隙水修复实验后,底泥含水率下降了4.95%~6.16%,间歇通电和持续通电模式下NH₄⁺-N的去除率分别为40.41%、39.27%,NO₃^－-N的去除率分别为25.82%、27.94%.综合考虑TN去除率和能耗2个因素,间歇通电是一种效益较高的模式,修复后底泥TN去除率为32.61%,电能消耗为15.57（kW·h）/m³.     

碱液循环强化电动力学修复氟污染土壤

1 V·cm~(-1)电解电压下,利用去离子水及NaOH溶液做电解液,研究了电解液不同循环方式下土壤氟在电动力学作用下的迁移特征,分析了利用碱液循环强化电动力学技术修复氟污染土壤的可行性.结果表明,以去离子水为电解液单独循环时,土壤氟的去除率为20.3%,而以NaOH溶液为电解液时去除率最高可达57.3%,碱性电解液可提高土壤氟的去除率,且随着碱性的增强土壤氟的去除率逐渐升高.电解液的不同循环方式也对土壤氟的去除产生显著影响,两极溶液串联循环时土壤氟的去除率明显升高.可以采用碱液循环强化电动力学技术修复氟污染土壤.