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1.
利用便携式车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对2辆加装氧化催化转化器(DOC)和催化型柴油颗粒捕集器(CDPF)与否的国III重型柴油货车进行实际道路排放测试.结果表明,2辆改造重型柴油车的CO、THC、固态颗粒物粒数(SPN)和黑碳(BC)实际道路排放因子分别为(1.31±0.37)g/(kW×h)、(0.20±0.03) g/(kW×h)、(7.13×1010±5.27×1010)个/(kW×h)和(0.69±0.06)mg/(kW×h),相对于原始排放(拆除DOC+CDPF)分别降低52.48%、55.69%、99.91%和99.22%.从低速、中速到高速,CO和THC减排比例呈现上升趋势,然而运行工况对SPN和BC减排比例则无显著影响.加装DOC+CDPF会导致NO2在NOx中的占比升高,且从低速、中速到高速涨幅依次增大,但对NOx无明显减排效益,其排放因子为9.53~9.83g/(kW×h),远高于实验室排放限值. 相似文献
2.
以固定点源烟尘排放为例,从排放标准和监测标准两方面讨论了中国现阶段“达标排放”的状况,指出当前的大气污染源达标排放实际上是“初步达标排放”,现在的排放标准和监测规范合适考核污染源的初步达标排放,不适合考核污染源的连续达标排放。排放标准的规定形式、监测规范和适用范围需要改革。现在的排放标准指标需要与监测规范和超标率限值结合起来,以促进污染源的连续达标排放。 相似文献
3.
Best management practices compliance monitoring approaches for forestry in the eastern United States
Many of the eastern states that have published best management practices (BMPs) or forest management guidelines have also developed compliance monitoring programs to assess the application of these BMPs or guidelines on public and private forest land. The approaches among these states to collecting on-site monitoring data (measuring compliance) and evaluating sites are variable. A survey of eastern states found that almost all southern states monitor application of BMPs, but proportionally fewer of the northern states have established compliance monitoring programs. The state forestry agencies provide the leadership for these programs in most of the eastern states. States that monitor tend to evaluate all public and private forest landowner categories located within their states. In general, northern states monitor a broader array of site resources (e.g., cultural resources, visual quality) as compared to southern states which focus on water quality and wetlands protection. However, northern states focus their monitoring on timber harvesting, forest road construction and maintenance as compared to southern states which tend to monitor a broader array of forest management activities (e.g., site preparation, reforestation). When selecting sites for monitoring, the most common approach is to select some sites from all landowner categories within the state. Many states do not specify any criteria to identify sites for monitoring so that all sites have an equal chance for selection. Some states do use specific criteria to filter sites for monitoring, most commonly size of forest management activity and proximity to water. 相似文献
4.
对甘肃某垃圾填埋场渗滤液的来源、进水水质和设计出水水质进行分析,从可生化性、系统运行稳定性、渗滤液高浓度、高毒性等方面考虑,最终确定采用MBR+两级DTRO系统对渗滤液进行处理.经该工艺处理后,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和SS的去除率分别为:99.3%、99.6%、98.7%、98.4%和97.0%,出水水质能够满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)标准要求.该系统优点:抗冲击能力强、污泥浓度低、占地面积小、出水水质稳定. 相似文献
5.
介绍了农村小城镇分散型的生活污水处理经验,即采用隔油沉淀、水解酸化、接触氧化法的处理工艺;污水处理设施采用埋地式土壤覆盖型;最终废水出水的各项水质指标均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B类标准。 相似文献
6.
Milani Y. Chaloupka 《Environmental management》1985,9(5):393-398
Marine product collecting permits are useful management tools for providing information on usage patterns. Unfortunately, usage parameters based on permit issuance are invariably inaccurate because of permit noncompliance. Since noncompliance is a prosecutable offense, any attempt to estimate the rate of noncompliance by direct survey techniques is met with misleading and evasive responses. It has been shown elsewhere that randomized response designs reduce survey response bias to incriminating questions by ensuring respondent anonymity. With the use of the randomized response survey technique, estimates of permit noncompliance were determined for the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Noncompliance with the requirement to obtain the prescribed permit was found to be low whereas, once a permit was obtained, noncompliance with specific permit conditions was considered high. Reasons for the high rate of noncompliance with specific conditions are presented, and it is recommended that marine park managers should not unreservedly base management decisions on usage data derived simply from permit issuance. 相似文献
7.
A “finding of no significant impact” (FONSI) resulting from an environmental assessment (EA) was reported by the US Army in
June 1986 for the construction and utilization of a multipurpose range complex (MPRC) at the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii.
There was little public response, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and state agencies were consulted and had few comments
concerning the results of the botanical surveys used in the assessment. Construction of the $24 million project was begun
in 1988. Near the end of construction in 1989 a lawsuit was filed to halt construction because an environmental impact statement
(EIS) had not been done for the project, and the plaintiff thought that significant damage had occurred to several unusual
ecosystems. Judgment was against the plaintiff and construction continued. An appeal was filed with the 9th Circuit Court.
As MPRC construction was nearly complete, and on advice of Department of Justice lawyers, the Department of Army agreed to
settle out of court. The settlement in part called for: (1) the plaintiff to drop the appeal and allow construction to be
completed as scheduled, and (2) the Department of Army to prepare an EIS for the operation of the MPRC. A subsequent botanical
survey for the EIS discovered one endangered plant species, four category 1 candidate plant species (taxa with sufficient
data to support listing as endangered or threatened), three category 2 candidate plant species (taxa with some evidence of
vulnerability but insufficient data to support listing at this time), one category 3a species (presumably extinct taxa), and
possibly three undescribed species growing within the MPRC boundary. The MPRC case study is an excellent example of why the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must be modified to require in-depth and thorough environmental surveys. 相似文献
8.
Compliance and Emissions Trading under the Kyoto Protocol: Rules for Uncertain Inventories 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zbigniew Nahorski Joanna Horabik Matthias Jonas 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(4-5):539-558
A solution is proposed for proving compliance with emission targets and for emissions trading in the event of uncertainties
in reported emission inventories. The solution is based on the undershooting concept, from which the mathematical conditions
for both proving compliance with a risk α and calculating effective emissions for trading are derived. Based on the reported emission units, the number of permits
granted is reduced in proportion to the uncertainty in the inventory. A country whose inventory has higher uncertainty is
thereby allotted fewer permits than a country with the same inventory but smaller uncertainty. 相似文献
9.
Safety performance is comprised of two components, safety compliance and safety participation. However, relationships between safety performance and unsafe behavior have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, scales for safety compliance and safety participation were revised for use in the oil industry, and job burnout scale was developed on the basis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). A structural equation model was then employed to investigate the interactions of these factors for 238 front-line oil workers from the PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company in China. From the results, it was determined that workers' unsafe behavior could not be reduced significantly solely from these two dimensions of safety performance. Compared with safety participation, safety compliance was found to have a greater influence on unsafe behavior. However, job burnout was found to be a significant moderator between these two components and unsafe behavior. Furthermore, it was determined that oil workers' occupational psychological health conditions must be taken into account to improve organizational safety management and reduce workers’ unsafe behavior. 相似文献
10.