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Active Adaptive Management for Conservation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract: Active adaptive management balances the requirements of management with the need to learn about the system being managed, which leads to better decisions. It is difficult to judge the benefit of management actions that accelerate information gain, relative to the benefit of making the best management decision given what is known at the time. We present a first step in developing methods to optimize management decisions that incorporate both uncertainty and learning via adaptive management. We assumed a manager can allocate effort to discrete units (e.g., areas for revegetation or animals for reintroduction), the outcome can be measured as success or failure (e.g., the revegetation in an area is successful or the animal survives and breeds), and the manager has two possible management options from which to choose. We further assumed that there is an annual budget that may be allocated to one or both of the two options and that the manager must decide on the allocation. We used Bayesian updating of the probability of success of the two options and stochastic dynamic programming to determine the optimal strategy over a specified number of years. The costs, level of certainty about the success of the two options, and the timeframe of management all influenced the optimal allocation of the annual budget. In addition, the choice of management objective had a large influence on the optimal decision. In a case study of Merri Creek, Melbourne, Australia, we applied the approach to determining revegetation strategies. Our approach can be used to determine how best to manage ecological systems in the face of uncertainty. 相似文献
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Robert J. Pabst Thomas A. Spies 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(6):1693-1708
ABSTRACT: We tracked vegetation succession on a debris‐flow deposit in Oregon's Coast Range to examine factors influencing the development of riparian plant communities following disturbance. Plots were stratified across five areas of the deposit (bank slump, seep, upper and lower sediment wedge, log jam) the first growing season after debris flow. At six times during the next ten years we estimated cover of vascular plants and tallied density of woody plants. Plant colonization occurred within two years. Total cover increased two‐to seven‐fold on the five areas within three years. Red alder and salmonberry were the dominant species, although weedy herbs persisted where woody species were lacking. Ordination of cover data showed that the five areas remained floristically distinct over time, while undergoing similar shifts related to the increasing dominance of alder and salmonberry. Rapid height growth of alder allowed it to outcompete salmonberry and effectively capture most areas by the tenth year, even where sprouts from transported rhizomes gave salmonberry an early advantage. Our results suggest that successional patterns were influenced by substrate variability, species composition of initial colonizers, propagule sources and their distribution, and species life‐history traits such as growth rate, competitive ability, and shade tolerance. 相似文献
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根据近几年对黄土高原地区安太堡露天煤矿废弃土地复垦的系统研究,事实证明新垦土地可超越原有土地生产力及经济效益开发的可行性。认为本地区露天煤矿废弃土地的复垦战略目标应是:借助开矿土地再造的机会,通过科学设计、系统规划,实行大规模地营造农林可利用状态的土地,未来开辟为适宜现代集约经营农林基地;露天煤矿的土地复垦,同时亦应受到社会各方的关注,可在超越矿区范围之外筑坝造田,建设蓄水库等各项工程造福于社会。 相似文献
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Bird‐community responses to habitat creation in a long‐term,large‐scale natural experiment 下载免费PDF全文
Robin C. Whytock Elisa Fuentes‐Montemayor Kevin Watts Patanjaly Barbosa De Andrade Rory T. Whytock Paul French Kirsty J. Park 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):345-354
Ecosystem function and resilience are compromised when habitats become fragmented due to land‐use change. This has led to national and international conservation strategies aimed at restoring habitat extent and improving functional connectivity (i.e., maintaining dispersal processes). However, biodiversity responses to landscape‐scale habitat creation and the relative importance of spatial and temporal scales are poorly understood, and there is disagreement over which conservation strategies should be prioritized. We used 160 years of historic post‐agricultural woodland creation as a natural experiment to evaluate biodiversity responses to habitat creation in a landscape context. Birds were surveyed in 101 secondary, broadleaf woodlands aged 10–160 years with ≥80% canopy cover and in landscapes with 0‐17% broadleaf woodland cover within 3000 m. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect relationships between bird abundance and diversity, ecological continuity, patch characteristics, and landscape structure and quantified the relative conservation value of local and landscape scales for bird communities. Ecological continuity indirectly affected overall bird abundance and species richness through its effects on stand structure, but had a weaker influence (effect size near 0) on the abundance and diversity of species most closely associated with woodland habitats. This was probably because woodlands were rapidly colonized by woodland generalists in ≤10 years (minimum patch age) but were on average too young (median 50 years) to be colonized by woodland specialists. Local patch characteristics were relatively more important than landscape characteristics for bird communities. Based on our results, biodiversity responses to habitat creation depended on local‐ and landscape‐scale factors that interacted across time and space. We suggest that there is a need for further studies that focus on habitat creation in a landscape context and that knowledge gained from studies of habitat fragmentation and loss should be used to inform habitat creation with caution because the outcomes are not necessarily reciprocal. 相似文献
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根据彰武县阿尔乡北甸子硅砂矿地貌、自然条件及周边环境等特征,确定硅砂矿土地复垦的方向为林地和鱼塘。简要介绍硅砂矿土地复垦的开采流程及闭坑后土地复垦与植被恢复的技术要求,提出土地复垦和植被恢复过程具体措施及预防控制。通过开展硅砂矿土地复垦与植被恢复工作,把破坏的土地采取整治措施恢复为可利用的土地,缓解了矿区土地减少的趋势,改善了矿山生态环境,最终实现矿山生态环境保护、土地资源利用与地方经济可持续发展。 相似文献
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Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in
copper and lead/zinc mine tailings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiang Shi Xiaolei Zhang Guangcai Chen Yitai Chen Ling Wang Xiaoquan Shan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):266-274
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu)
and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham,
Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina
Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and
translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and
root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and
40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant
species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most
sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine
tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the
low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32),
Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass
production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对铜尾矿上植物生长和矿质营养的影响 总被引:18,自引:4,他引:14
通过温室盆栽试验研究了白三叶草(Trifolium repens Linn)和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)在单独和混合种植情况下单独或混合接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae和Glomus versiforme对铜尾矿砂中植物生长和矿质营养的影响.试验结果表明,不同接种处理下均以单独种植白三叶草菌根侵染率较高,平均为25%.在单种和混种情况下,接种处理均显著提高了白三叶草地上部的干物重,但对黑麦草生长影响不明显同时,接种处理显著提高了三叶草植株中的磷含量,同时降低了植株铜含量,但对黑麦草植株体内元素含量影响不明显.两种植物混合种植情况下黑麦草显示了相对竞争优势,而菌根共生体能够提高三叶草的竞争能力.试验初步证明丛枝菌根真菌对于豆科植物适应铜尾矿复合逆境(养分贫瘠和重金属污染),以及在尾矿上重建具有物种多样性的植被具有潜在作用,但有必要进一步筛选耐性菌株,并验证自然条件下菌根真菌的作用潜力. 相似文献