全文获取类型
收费全文 | 81篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 35篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 11篇 |
废物处理 | 3篇 |
环保管理 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 37篇 |
基础理论 | 16篇 |
污染及防治 | 42篇 |
评价与监测 | 7篇 |
社会与环境 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shu-Yii Wu Yong-Fang Liu Ya-Chieh Li Chun-Min Liu 《International Journal of Green Energy》2015,12(10):1025-1030
The CO2 absorption capacities of potassium glycinate, potassium sarcosinate (choline, proline), mono-ethanolamine (MEA), and tri-ethanolamine were evaluated to find the optimal absorbent for separating CO2 from gaseous products by a CO2 purification process. The absorption loading, desorption efficiency, cost, and environmental tolerance were assessed to select the optimal absorbent. MEA was found to be the optimum absorbent for separating the CO2 and H2 mixture in gaseous product. The maximum absorption loading rate was 0.77 mol CO2 per mol MEA at temperature of 20°C and absorbent concentration of 2.5 mol/L, whereas desorption efficiency was 90% by heating for 3 h at 130°C. MEA was found to be an optimal absorbent for the purification process of CO2 during gaseous production. 相似文献
2.
模拟废印刷线路板(WPCB)的热拆解过程,分析热拆解过程中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分;利用真实溶剂似导体屏蔽(COSMO-RS)模型对浓度较高的污染物进行量子力学模拟,研究离子液体(ILs)组成单元对目标污染物溶解度的影响差异,分析溶解过程中主导分子间作用力类型,确定优选吸收剂;测定不同溶剂进行溶解性,验证模型适用性.结果表明:①乙酸乙酯和环戊酮是浓度较高的VOCs组分,在240和250℃时浓度分别为43.1,153mg/m3和105,252mg/m3,质量百分比总和分别为76.3%和67.3%.②高表面屏蔽电荷密度分布峰、长烷基链阴阳离子和亲电基团的存在可提高乙酸乙酯和环戊酮在ILs中的溶解度.双三氟甲磺酰基亚胺盐(NTf2-)类ILs是一类优良吸收剂.静电力和范德华力对溶解过程起主导作用.③COSMO-RS模型可定性和半定量用于预测乙酸乙酯和环戊酮的溶解度. 相似文献
3.
Siedlecka EM Stepnowski P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(4):453-458
Background, aim, and scope Ionic liquids are regarded as essentially “green” chemicals because of their insignificant vapor pressure and, hence, are
a good alternative to the emissions of toxic conventional volatile solvents. Not only because of their attractive industrial
applications, but also due to their very high stability, ionic liquids could soon become persistent contaminants of technological
wastewaters and, moreover, break through into natural waters following classical treatment systems. The removal of harmful
organic pollutants has forced the development of new methodologies known as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Among them,
the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are usually modified by the use of a higher hydrogen peroxide concentration and through
different catalysts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on degradation rates
in a Fenton-like system of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with alkyl chains of varying length and 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium chloride.
Materials and methods The ionic liquids were oxidized in dilute aqueous solution in the presence of two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
All reactions were performed in the dark to prevent photoreduction of Fe(III). The concentrations of ionic liquids during
the process were monitored with high-performance liquid chromatography. Preliminary degradation pathways were studied with
the aid of 1H NMR.
Results Degradation of ionic liquids in this system was quite effective. Increasing the H2O2 concentration from 100 to 400 mM improved ionic liquid degradation from 57–84% to 87–100% after 60 min reaction time. Resistance
to degradation was weaker, the shorter the alkyl chain.
Discussion The compound omimCl was more resistant to oxidation then other compounds, which suggests that the oxidation rates of imidazolium
ionic liquids by OH· are structure-dependent and are correlated with the n-alkyl chain length substituted at the N-1-position. The level of degradation was dependent on the type of head group. Replacing
the imidazolium head group with pyridinium increased resistance to degradation. Nonetheless, lengthening the alkyl chain from
four to eight carbons lowered the rate of ionic liquid degradation to a greater extent than changing the head group from imidazolium
to pyridinium. 1H-NMR spectra show, in the first stage of degradation, that it is likely that radical attack is nonspecific,
with any one of the carbon atoms in the ring and the n-alkyl chain being susceptible to attack.
Conclusions The proposed method has proven to be an efficient and reliable method for the degradation of imidazolium ionic liquids by
a Fenton-like reagent deteriorated with lengthening n-alkyl substituents and by replacing the imidazolium head group with pyridinium. The enhanced resistance of 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium
chloride when the resistance of imidazolium ionic liquids decreases with increasing H2O2 concentration is probably indicative of a change in the degradation mechanism in a vigorous Fenton-like system. H-NMR spectra
showed, in the first stage of degradation, that radical attack is nonspecific, with any one of the carbon atoms in the ring
and the n-alkyl chain being susceptible to attack.
Recommendations and perspectives Since ionic liquids are now one of the most promising alternative chemicals of the future, the degradation and waste management
studies should be integrated into a general development research of these chemicals. In the case of imidazolium and pyridinium
ionic liquids that are known to be resistant to bio- or thermal degradation, studies in the field of AOPs should assist the
future structural design as well as tailor the technological process of these chemicals 相似文献
4.
5.
Fanos Papanicolaou Stella Antoniou Ioannis Pashalidis 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009,100(10):854-857
Phosphogypsum is a waste by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry, which is usually disposed in the environment because of its restricted use in industrial applications. Physico-chemical conditions existing in stack fluids and leachates are of major importance and determine solubility and redox stability of phosphogypsum, as well as radionuclide release from stacks to terrestrial environments. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of key parameters (e.g. ionic strength, temperature, pH) on the solubility of phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum sampling and in-situ measurements were carried out at a coastal stack in Cyprus, solubility experiments were performed in simulated laboratory systems and thermodynamic calculations by means of MINTEQA2, an equilibrium speciation model. Generally, increasing ionic strength and temperature leads to increased phosphogypsum solubility, with the former being much more effective. The increased solubility of phosphogypsum in saline solutions is attributed solely to ionic strength effects on the activity of ionic species in solution and no solid phase transformations could be observed. The effect of pH on phosphogypsum solubility seems to be insignificant at least in a pH range between 4 and 8. Regarding uranium levels, there is a strong correlation between salinity and uranium concentration and linear correlation between phosphogypsum solubility and uranium levels in stack solutions, indicating the incorporation of uranium into the gypsum lattice and the formation of a solid solution. 相似文献
6.
Salinity increases mobility of heavy metals in soils 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The effect of salinity induced by CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and Na2SO4 on the mobility of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. An increase of ionic strength by any salts promoted a higher release of Cd than the others metals. When CaCl2 and NaCl were applied, Cd and Pb showed the highest degree of mobilization. When MgCl2 was applied, Cd and Cu were mobilized the most. Finally, an increase of Na2SO4 also promoted the strongest mobilization of Cd and Cu.As the total heavy metal content was higher, the percentage of Pb and Cu released upon salinization decreased, indicating that these metals are strongly bound to soil constituents. An increase of carbonates in the soil promoted a higher release of Pb for all used salts and for Zn when MgCl2 and NaCl were used. This indicates that Pb and Zn are adsorbed on the surface of carbonate crystals. An increase of fine particles promoted a decrease of percentage of released Cd for all salts, indicating that Cd is strongly retained in the fine fractions.The main mechanism regulating Pb and Cd mobility was competition with Ca2+ for sorption sites followed for metal chloro-complexation, association between the Cd/Pb-sulfates and competition with Mg2+. The main mechanism regulating Cu mobility was the formation of Cu-sulfate, followed by competition with cations (Mg > Ca) and chloride. For Zn, competition with Ca2+ for sorption sites was the most important process for its mobility; followed by Zn-sulfate association and, finally, chloride and competition with Mg with the same effect. 相似文献
7.
Evaluation on the toxicity of ionic liquid mixture with antagonism and synergism to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a fascinating group of new chemicals with the potential to replace the classical volatile organic solvents, stimulating many applications in chemical industry. In case ILs are released to the environment, possible combined toxicity should be taken into account and it is, however, often neglected up to now. In this paper, therefore, the concentration-response curves (CRCs) of four groups of IL mixtures with various mixture ratios to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis and were compared to the CRCs predicted by an additive reference model, the concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA), to identify the toxicity interaction. It is showed that most of the IL mixture rays displayed the classical addition while the remaining rays exhibited antagonism or synergism. Moreover, it is found that the pEC50 values of the mixture rays exhibiting antagonism or synergism are well correlated with the mixture ratio of a certain IL therein. 相似文献
8.
9.
Ionic liquids as lubricants or lubrication additives: An ecotoxicity and biodegradability assessment
Stolte S Steudte S Areitioaurtena O Pagano F Thöming J Stepnowski P Igartua A 《Chemosphere》2012,89(9):1135-1141
This paper reports on the (eco)toxicity and biodegradability of ionic liquids considered for application as lubricants or lubrication additives. Ammonium- and pyrrolidinium-based cations combined with methylsulphate, methylsulphonate and/or (CF3SO2)2N− anions were investigated in tests to determine their aquatic toxicity using water fleas Daphnia magna, green algae Selenastrum capricornutum and marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). Additional test systems with an isolated enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and isolated leukaemia cells from rats (IPC-81) were used to assess the biological activity of the ionic liquids. These compounds generally exhibit low acute toxicity and biological activity. Their biodegradability was screened according to OECD test procedures 301 B and 301 F. For choline and methoxy-choline ionic liquids ready biodegradability was observed within 5 or 10 d, respectively. Some of the compounds selected have a considerable potential to contribute to the development of more sustainable products and processes. 相似文献
10.