高比表面微孔活性炭的制备及其对对硝基苯胺的吸附

以互花米草与棉秆为原料,以KOH为活化剂,制备了高比表面微孔活性炭,利用氮气吸附、红外光谱FT-IR、扫描电子显微镜SEM等技术对活性炭表面物化性质进行了表征与分析,并通过静态实验测定了其对对硝基苯胺的吸附性能。结果表明,在KOH与植物茎秆碳化料的质量比为3∶1、温度为800℃、活化时间为1.5 h条件下,制备的棉秆活性炭CS-AC和互花米草活性炭SA-AC的BET比表面积分别为2 135和2 825 m2/g,H-K微孔容积分别为1.09和1.19 cm3/g,有80%以上的孔分布在2 nm以内。静态吸附实验表明,2种植物基活性炭对对硝基苯胺有较强的吸附能力,Langmu ir最大吸附量超过700 mg/g。吸附受溶液pH影响较大,Frend lich方程能较好地描述静态吸附平衡数据。     

炭化温度对废旧布袋制备活性炭性能的影响及其表征

以水泥厂废旧除尘布袋为原料,KOH为活化剂制备了活性炭.利用热重分析法(TG-DTG)对废旧布袋热解过程进行分析;重点考察了不同炭化温度(400、450、500、550和600℃)对废旧布袋制备活性炭的产率及活性炭的碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响;同时采用N2吸附等温线对最佳工艺条件制备的活性炭孔隙结构进行了表征.研究结果表明,500℃为最佳炭化温度.最佳炭化温度下制备的活性炭,碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和产率分别为1350.72 mg·g-1、97.5 mg·g-1和20.16%.活性炭比表面积高达1228.51 m2·g-1,总孔容达0.7134 cm3·g-1,孔径分布以微孔居多,N2吸附等温线为I型.     

KOH活化小麦秸秆生物炭对废水中四环素的高效去除

活化是提高生物炭吸附性能的重要手段.以小麦秸秆为研究对象,KOH为活化剂,制备KOH活化生物炭（K-BC）,同时制备原状生物炭（BC）作为对照.对生物炭进行比表面积和孔径、元素分析、XPS、FTIR、Raman、XRD和pH_pzc等表征,考察KOH活化对生物炭理化性质的影响,并探究生物炭对水体中四环素的吸附性能和机制.结果表明,KOH活化之后生物炭的比表面积和孔体积可达996.4 m²·g^-1和0.45 cm³·g^-1.KOH活化会制造更多的碳结构缺陷,影响生物炭的官能团和表面电性.拟二级动力学和Langmuir模型可以较好地拟合生物炭吸附四环素的过程.环境温度升高能提高生物炭对四环素的吸附量.K-BC吸附四环素是自发、吸热和无序度增加的过程.K-BC对四环素的最大吸附量理论可达到491.19 mg·g^-1（实验温度为45℃）.结合吸附后生物炭的Raman、FTIR和XPS表征,发现孔隙填充和π-π作用是K-BC吸附四环素的主要机制,氢键和络合作用也发挥重要作用.此外,K-BC还具有良好的循环使用性能.综上所述,KOH活化小麦秸秆生物炭是有效和可行的,可用于废水中四环素的去除.     

高吸附性能芦苇活性炭的制备方法研究

为实现白洋淀芦苇的有效利用,以白洋淀淀区芦苇(白苇)为原料,以KOH、K2CO3为活化剂,综合考虑制备过程中的剂料比、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间等因素的影响,通过正交试验,以碘吸附值和亚甲蓝吸附值综合作为吸附性能高低的评价标准,进行活性炭制备方法研究。结果表明:在以KOH为活化剂、剂料比为4∶1、浸渍时间36 h、850℃下活化1 h的条件下,制备的芦苇基生物质活性炭碘吸附值最高,亚甲基蓝吸附值较高;以K2CO3为活化剂、剂料比为3∶1、浸渍时间12 h、900℃下活化2 h的条件下,制备的芦苇基生物质活性炭有最高的碘吸附值和对亚甲蓝具有良好的吸附性。制备的生物质活性炭碘吸附值均高于国家活性炭一级品标准(1 000 mg/g),具备一定的实用性。     

Efficient nitrogen doped porous carbonaceous CO2 adsorbents based on lotus leaf

In this work, the waste biomass lotus leaf was converted into N-doped porous carbonaceous CO₂ adsorbents. The synthesis process includes carbonization of lotus leaf, melamine post-treatment and KOH activation. For the resultant sorbents, high nitrogen content can be contained due to the melamine modification and advanced porous structure were formed by KOH etching. These samples were carefully characterized by different techniques and their CO₂ adsorption properties were investigated in detail. These sorbents hold good CO₂ adsorption abilities, up to 3.87 and 5.89 mmol/g at 25 and 0°C under 1 bar, respectively. By thorough investigation, the combined interplay of N content and narrow microporous volume was found to be responsible for the CO₂ uptake for this series of sorbents. Together with the high CO₂ adsorption abilities, these carbons also display excellent reversibility, high CO₂/N₂ selectivity, applicable heat of adsorption, fast CO₂ adsorption kinetics and good dynamic CO₂ adsorption capacity. This study reveals a universal method of obtaining N-doped porous carbonaceous sorbents from leaves. The low cost of raw materials accompanied by easy synthesis procedure disclose the enormous potential of leaves-based carbons in CO₂ capture as well as many other applications.     

Preparation of novel activated carbons from H2SO4-pretreated corncob hulls with KOH activation for quick adsorption of dye and 4-chlorophenol

Corncob hull was immersed in 25 wt% H(2)SO(4) and was carbonized in an oven at 290 °C for 2h to obtain the char. The char was then activated for 1h at 780 °C by KOH at weight ratio of KOH/char of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5. SEM photos of the carbons revealed that the cell wall of corncob hull was etched into thin film structure. It was shown that the adsorption isotherms of methylene blue and 4-chlorophenol on the carbons were well fitted by the Langmuir equation. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics could be satisfactorily described by the Elovich equation. The normalized standard deviations are less than 2.8%. The high fraction of adsorption amount adsorbed within 1 min to that at saturation demonstrated the advantage of the prepared activated carbons. The fraction of adsorption amount within 1 min to that at saturation (q(1)/q(mon)) for the adsorption of 4-CP is high up to 0.807. Such quick adsorption behavior was mainly attributed to the presence of the thin film structure of carbons.     

利用石油流化焦制备活性炭的研究

通过高温化学活化法和以高硫石油流化焦为原料、KOH为主要活化剂制备活性炭,研究了碱焦比、乙醇或丙酮和氮气流保护等对活性炭性能的影响。实验在直立管式炉内进行,选用单因素实验,结合比表面积和孔隙表征、元素分析、工业分析及苯酚吸附值测定,对样品进行评价。结果表明:活性炭比表面积和总孔容积随碱焦比增加而增加;乙醇或丙酮配入能提高样品比表面积和孔隙特性及其苯酚吸附能力;采用无氮气流保护反应系统,能增加样品BET表面积和总孔容积,并降低硫氮含量。     

高比表面植物基活性炭吸附水中对硝基苯胺的性能及影响因素

以互花米草与棉秆为原料,以KOH为活化剂,制备了2种低成本高比表面微孔植物基活性炭SA-AC和CS-AC,通过静态实验研究了其对水溶液中对硝基苯胺的吸附特性,测定了溶液pH值、吸附剂剂量、溶液温度对吸附的影响,并探讨了等温吸附行为及其热力学性质.结果表明,在KOH与炭化料的质量比(剂料质量比)为3∶1、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1.5 h条件下,活化制备的互花米草活性炭SA-AC和棉秆活性炭CS-AC的比表面积分别为2 825 m2.g-1和2 135 m2.g-1,微孔容积分别为1.192 cm3.g-1和1.011 cm3.g-1,对水溶液中对硝基苯胺的Langmuir最大吸附量分别为719和716 mg.g-1,远高于商业活性炭ST1300.溶液pH值和温度对吸附有较大影响,在低温及中性条件下有利于制备活性炭对水溶液中对硝基苯胺的吸附.Freundlich与Redlich-Peterson模型能很好地描述对硝基苯胺在2种活性炭上的吸附行为;热力学研究表明,吸附标准吉布斯自由能变ΔG0与标准焓变ΔH0均为负值,表明对硝基苯胺在这2种活性炭上的吸附属于自发的放热吸附过程;吸附标准熵变ΔS00,说明对硝基苯胺在活性炭表面上的迁移比在溶液中受到了更大的限制.     

KOH活化微孔活性炭对对硝基苯胺的吸附动力学

以互花米草为原料,经过碳化、KOH活化两步法制备了低成本、高比表面的微孔活性炭SAAC.通过静态实验研究了活性炭SAAC对水溶液中对硝基苯胺的吸附特性,并从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,微孔活性炭SAAC对对硝基苯胺吸附动力学数据符合准二级方程,吸附速率在前25min由内扩散控制,而后由膜扩散与内扩散共同控制.Freundlich方程能更好地描述对硝基苯胺在活性炭SAAC上的等温吸附行为;在15℃时,活性炭SAAC对对硝基苯胺的Langmuir最大吸附量为719mg/g.     

Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.