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排序方式: 共有138条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
久效磷在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附特征及机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了黄河水体沉积物对有机磷农药久效磷的吸附特性及机理 ,结果表明 ,沉积物对黄河水中久效磷的吸附符合 L angmuir和 Freundlich等温式 ,是分配作用和表面吸附共同作用的结果。对分配作用和表面吸附在沉积物吸附久效磷中的相对贡献率进行了定量描述 :它们均为浓度的函数 ,吸附作用以分配作用为主。 相似文献
2.
Carbon Sequestration Function of Check-Dams: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Check-dams are the most common structures for controlling soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. However, the effect of check-dams on carbon sequestration, along with sediment transport and deposition, has not been assessed over large areas. In this study, we evaluated the carbon sequestration function of check-dams in the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that there were approximately 11 000 check-dams distributed in the Loess Plateau, with an estimate of the amount of sediment of 21 × 109 m3 and a soil organic carbon storage amount of 0.945 Pg. Our study reveals that check-dams in the Loess Plateau not only conserve soil and water but also sequester carbon. 相似文献
3.
采用金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱法直接测定苏州河表层沉积物中的总汞。结果表明:该方法在0.00~200ng范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.005mg/kg(样品以0.2g计)。实际样品测定的RSD为1.24%~4.36%,加标回收率为91.8%~101%。与原子荧光光谱法相比,两种方法测定的结果没有显著差异。 相似文献
4.
Lucía Viñas M. Angeles Franco J. José González Joan Albaigés 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1551-1560
The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined in surface sediments collected at 36 stations along the Spanish Northern continental shelf in March and September 2003, and February 2005. Concentrations of PAHs (Σ13 parent components) were in the range of 22-47528 μg/kg dw, the highest values corresponding to coastal urban-industrial hotspots and decreasing offshore. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) showed that concentrations of total PAHs were below the threshold effect level (TEC) in 27 stations (81%) and above in 7, two of which (Gijon and Bilbao) were above the probable effect concentration (PEC). The detailed study of diagnostic ratios suggested a rather uniform mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH sources along the continental shelf, with a slight decrease of the latter moving westwards and offshore. In order to assess the incidence of sediment sampling on the variability of the results, selected stations were also monitored in February and September 2004 and September 2005. The average field variance of the values obtained for each station was 31% that decreased to 23% when the values were normalized to TOC. 相似文献
5.
Rita Castro Sofia Pereira Ana Lima Sofia Corticeiro Mnica Vlega Eduarda Pereira Armando Duarte Etelvina Figueira 《Chemosphere》2009,76(10):1348-1355
This work evaluates the role of a plant community in mercury (Hg) stabilization and mobility in a contaminated Portuguese salt marsh. With this aim, the distribution of Hg in below and aboveground tissues, as well as the metal partitioning between cellular fractions (soluble and insoluble) in four different species (Triglochin maritima L., Juncus maritimus Lam, Sarcocornia perennis (Miller) A.J. Scott, and Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen) was assessed. Mercury accumulation, translocation and compartmentation between organs and cellular fractions were related to the plant species.Results showed that the degree of Hg absorption and retention was influenced both by environmental parameters and metal translocation/partitioning strategies. Different plant species presented different allocation patterns, with marked differences between monocots (T. maritima and J. maritimus) and dicots (S. perennis, H. portulacoides). Overall, the two monocots, in particular T. maritima showed higher Hg retention in the belowground organs whereas the dicots, particularly S. perennis presented a more pronounced translocation to the aboveground tissues. Considering cellular Hg partitioning, all species showed a higher Hg binding to cell walls and membranes rather than in the soluble fractions. This strategy can be related to the high degree of tolerance observed in the studied species. These results indicate that the composition of salt marsh plant communities can be very important in dictating the Hg mobility within the marsh ecosystem and in the rest of the aquatic system as well as providing important insights to future phytoremediation approaches in Hg contaminated salt marshes. 相似文献
6.
Characterization of plutonium in deep-sea sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei Dong Jian Zheng Qiuju Guo Shaoming Pan 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(8):622-1899
Anthropogenic Pu isotopes are important geochemical tracers for sediment studies. Their distributions and sources in the water columns as well as the sediments of the North Pacific have been intensively studied; however, information about Pu in the Southeast Asian seas is limited. To study the isotopic composition of Pu, and thus to identify its sources, we collected sediment core samples in the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea during the KH-96-5 Cruise of the R/V Hakuho Maru. We analysed the activities of 239+240Pu and the atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu using isotope dilution sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the sediments of both areas (inventory weighted mean: 0.251 for the South China Sea and 0.280 for the Sulu Sea) were higher than the global fallout value (0.178 ± 0.019), suggesting the existence of Pu from the Pacific Proving Grounds in the North Pacific. Low inventories of 239+240Pu in sediments were observed in the South China Sea (3.75 Bq/m2) and the Sulu Sea (1.38 Bq/m2). Most of the Pu input is still present in the water column. Scavenging and benthic mixing processes were considered to be the main processes controlling the distribution of Pu in the deep-sea sediments of both study areas. 相似文献
7.
Sorption of alkylphenols on Ebro River sediments: comparing isotherms with field observations in river water and sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Navarro A Endo S Gocht T Barth JA Lacorte S Barceló D Grathwohl P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):698-703
This study reports sorption isotherms of the endocrine disruptors nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in three sediment samples from the Ebro River basin (NE Spain), with organic carbon fractions (fOC) ranging from 0.0035 to 0.082 gOC g−1. All isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich model with slightly nonlinear exponents ranging from 0.80 to 0.94. The solubility of the compounds as well as the organic carbon (OC) content had the strongest influences on the sorption behavior of these compounds. Comparison of the laboratory-spiked samples with the native contamination of NP of 45 water and concurrent sediment samples resulted in reasonable matches between both data sets, even though the lowest concentrations in the field were not completely reached in laboratory tests. This good agreement indicates that sorption laboratory data can be extrapolated to environmental levels and therefore the distribution of nonylphenol between sediments and water can be predicted with a precision of one order of magnitude. Furthermore, laboratory experiments with simultaneous loading of NP and OP revealed negligible competition for sorption sites at low concentrations. 相似文献
8.
Disturbance regimes,resilience, and recovery of animal communities and habitats in lotic ecosystems 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Disturbance regime is a critical organizing feature of stream communities and ecosystems. The position of a given reach in
the river basin and the sediment type within that reach are two key determinants of the frequency and intensity of flow-induced
disturbances. We distinguish between predictable and unpredictable events and suggest that predictable discharge events are
not disturbances.
We relate the dynamics of recovery from disturbance (i.e., resilience) to disturbance regime (i.e., the disturbance history
of the site). The most frequently and predictably disturbed sites can be expected to demonstrate the highest resilience.
Spatial scale is an important dimension of community structure, dynamics, and recovery from disturbance. We compare the effects
on small patches (⩽1 m2) to the effects of large reaches at the river basin level. At small scales, sediment movements and scour are major factors
affecting the distribution of populations of aquatic insects or algae. At larger scales, we must deal with channel formation,
bank erosion, and interactions with the riparian zone that will affect all taxa and processes.
Our understanding of stream ecosystem recovery rests on our grasp of the historical, spatial, and temporal background of contemporary
disturbance events. 相似文献
9.
Levee failure and overtopping as a result of Hurricane Katrina caused major flooding of New Orleans, Louisiana. Floodwaters, which were contaminated with heavy metals, organic chemicals, and fecal coliform bacteria (FCB), were pumped into neighboring Lake Pontchartrain during dewatering. The impact of levee failure on water and benthic sediment concentrations in the lake was investigated by applying a numerical water quality model coupled to a three-dimensional, numerical hydrodynamic model. The model was used to compute water and benthic sediment concentrations throughout the lake for lead, arsenic, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and water concentrations for FCB. Computed concentrations resulting from actual pumped discharges with levee failure and overtopping were compared to computed concentrations resulting from pumped discharges without levee failure or overtopping, and concentrations from both sets of conditions were compared to ecological water and sediment quality screening guideline values. The model indicated that incremental increases above pre-Katrina benthic sediment concentrations are about a factor of 10 greater with dewatering of the floodwaters than with dewatering of storm water without flooding. However, these increases for the metals are small relative to pre-Katrina concentrations. The results showed that the ecological screening-level sediment quality guideline values were exceeded for BaP and DDE in areas near the south shoreline of the lake as a result of floodwater pump-out, whereas, this was not the case for storm water removal without flooding. The model showed that lake water column concentrations should be about the same during both dewatering conditions regardless of whether there is flooding or not. 相似文献
10.
优化沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(Acid Volatile Sulfide,AVS)的提取方法并采用连续流动分析法检测提取液中的硫化物.研究了吸收液的种类、氮气流量与吹气的时间和反应温度对AVS提取效果的影响以优化提取方法.结果表明,与传统的氢氧化钠或硫酸镉-氢氧化钠吸收液相比,以氯化锌-羧甲基纤维素钠溶液为吸收液吸附效率好,稳定性高且无毒.用连续流动分析法检测提取液中的AVS快速、准确、稳定性好. 相似文献