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排序方式: 共有48条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
海洋气溶胶对沿海地区降水组成的贡献 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以青岛地区为对象,对沿海地区大气气溶海洋因子对降水组成的贡献,进行了研究分析。结果表明,1)夏季受海洋影响要比冬季明显得多;(2)降水中主要的碱性物质,不论是夏季或冬季,99%来自大陆气溶胶,海洋的影响可忽略;(3)海洋影响的程度和离海边的距离有关,离海愈远,受海洋影响就愈小,离海愈近,受其影响就愈大。 相似文献
2.
In the Recôncavo of Bahia (located between 12°33′ and 13°10′S and 38°00′and 39°00′W), there are significant discharges of SO2 and NOx due to local, industrial and urban activities. The incoming air masses from the Atlantic Ocean are enriched with seaspray, which neutralizes part of the rain acidity. The extent of seaspray neutralization of rain acidity was quantified in four sites of the region, each with different loads of seaspray. Rain samples were obtained daily at the same time, integrating the precipitation of the previous 24 h, using wet-only collectors and analyzed for pH by potentiometry and for sodium by flame photometry. The amount of rain acidity in Recôncavo neutralized by seaspray ranged from <1% up to 88% and depended on the site. On average, neutralization ranged from 5% to 18%. 相似文献
3.
西江流域中部的洪涝特征及防洪减灾对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对广西西江流域中部的洪涝特征进行了较全面的论述,并对西江流域防洪减灾提出了有效的对策。 相似文献
4.
Phthalic acid and its photochemical degradation has been determined in snow and rainwater samples collected during winters (2003-2010) in the Southeast of Massachusetts using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Water samples were dried using a rotary evaporator and derivatized with a 14% BF3/methanol reagent before GC analysis. The developed method proved simple and accurate. Phthalic acid was found in snow samples collected in a concentration range of 7.22-76.5 nM. The photodegradation of phthalate was carried out under 300 nm UV light. The direct photodecomposition of the acid is slow (5% h−1). However, the addition of dissolved Fe(III) species at 2.0 μM accelerated the light-induced degradation of phthalic acid by 3.5 times in the atmospheric water samples. Photodegradation rates of phthalic acid increases with decreasing pH value of water samples in the range of pH 2.8-4.5. 相似文献
5.
用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立大气降水中酸雨pH值的预测模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立了大气降水中pH值的预测模型。经三种不同方法检验。对我市1990—1993年大气降水中酸雨pH值进行了预测,结果令人满意。 相似文献
6.
Krupa SV 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3):565-594
Wet deposition is one of two processes governing the transfer of beneficial and toxic chemicals from the atmosphere on to surfaces. Since the early 1970s, numerous investigators have sampled and analyzed precipitation for their chemical constituents, in the context of "acidic rain" and related atmospheric processes. Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how to sample rain, cloud and fog water to preserve their physico-chemical integrity prior to analyses. Since the 1970s large-scale precipitation sampling networks have been in operation to broadly address regional and multi-regional issues. However, in examining the results from such efforts at a site-specific level, concerns have been raised about the accuracy and precision of the information gathered. There is mounting evidence to demonstrate the instability of precipitation samples (e.g. with N species) that have been subjected to prolonged ambient or field conditions. At the present time precipitation sampling procedures allow unrefrigerated or refrigerated collection of wet deposition from individual events, sequential fractions within events, in situ continuous chemical analyses in the field and even sampling of single or individual rain, cloud and fog droplets. Similarly analytical procedures of precipitation composition have advanced from time-consuming methods to rapid and simultaneous analyses of major anions and cations, from bulk samples to single droplets. For example, analytical techniques have evolved from colorimetry to ion chromatography to capillary electrophoresis. Overall, these advances allow a better understanding of heterogeneous reactions and atmospheric pollutant scavenging processes by precipitation. In addition, from an environmental perspective, these advances allow better quantification of semi-labile (e.g. NH4+, frequently its deposition values are underestimated) or labile species [e.g. S (IV)] in precipitation and measurements of toxic chemicals such as Hg and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). Similarly, methods now exist for source-receptor studies, using for example, the characterization of reduced elemental states and/or the use of stable isotopes in precipitation as tracers. Future studies on the relationship between atmospheric deposition and environmental impacts must exploit these advances. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative treatment of the state of the art sampling methods of precipitation and its physico-chemical analysis. 相似文献
7.
城市的发展与扩张导致生物栖息地与农林用地的减少,同时大量不透水材料的应用,打破了雨水的良性循环,导致城市洪涝干旱年年发生.于是,雨水花园更为广泛的应用模式成为了城市建设者们探索的焦点.以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区为例,该设计尝试将雨水花园与住区景观设计相结合,营造一个安全、生态、经济、美观的城市绿色住区环境.图1,参5. 相似文献
8.
9.
降雨入渗对基坑工程安全性影响的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
很多市政工程以及基坑工程在降雨入渗后 ,出现滑坡等事故 ,本文应用非饱和土壤水分运动基本理论 ,建立了降雨入渗模型并编制了计算程序。在计算模型中 ,考虑了降雨过程中土壤入渗能力的变化 ,在此基础上 ,采用非饱和土强度理论 ,编制了可考虑基质吸力影响的边坡安全系数计算程序 ;讨论了降雨强度、降雨持续时间、土壤初始含水量和土的渗透系数等参数对降雨入渗及边坡安全性的影响。 相似文献
10.
江苏省南通市区酸雨组分分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了2001年-2007年南通市区降水中硫酸根占比44.21%,硝酸根占比15.74%,氟离子占比7.89%;铵离子占比12.26%,钙离子占比11.51%,钠离子占比3.85%;多年阴、阳离子平均占比呈双曲线对称管道,1~4月管道中酸雨频率由高向低,5~9月管道中酸雨频率波动不大,10~12月管道中酸雨频率由低向高;同时酸雨频率由2001年升高到2007年的程度,与阳离子占比下降6.9个百分点,阴离子占比上升6.9个百分点相关。 相似文献