裂变径迹定年方法的研究现状及存在的问题

简要介绍了裂变径迹定年的分析方法 ,实验技术 (包括单矿物分选、制片、抛磨、蚀刻及径迹测量技术 )的研究现状、存在的问题及发展趋势     

半导体生产排放的废气和废水中砷、磷、硫的分析方法研究

研究了一种快速、灵敏、可靠的高温氢还原-气相色谱分析方法[1-2]，并自行设计了高温还原系统(还原炉、六通阀等)，测定半导体生产排放废气和废水中的砷、磷、硫及其化合物，样品不需预处理，使气相色谱仪能直接测定固、液、气相样品中砷、磷、硫及其化合物的含量。砷、磷、硫的检测限分别为0．01mg／L、0．003mg／L、0．02mg／L；相对标准偏差分别为6．2％、8．6％和0．3％，与经典方法进行对比，结果基本一致。从分析方法的误差统计角度，也说明该方法准确、可靠。     

粘弹性阻尼减震结构研究与应用的新进展

系统总结了国内外粘弹性阻尼器及粘弹性阻尼减震结构研究与应用的进展情况。阐述了粘弹性阻尼材料和粘弹性阻尼器的耗能原理;对目前开发和研究的一些新型粘弹性阻尼器及其性能进行了介绍,同时概述了对保证结构安全性具有重大意义的粘弹性阻尼器的耐久性和耐火性问题,介绍了不同的粘弹性阻尼器计算模型;从结构试验的角度说明了粘弹性阻尼减震结构的特性,着重说明了粘弹性阻尼减震结构的分析方法和设计方法,列举了粘弹性阻尼器的工程应用实例。进而提出了今后粘弹性阻尼器应用于土木工程领域里应加强研究的一些问题。     

乌达煤矿采空区煤自燃影响因素评价分析

应用层次分析理论,选择影响乌达煤矿采空区煤自然发火的主要因素即煤的自燃倾向性、煤层的赋存条件、开采技术水平等,进行分析计算。依据层次分析法确定了采空区煤自燃各影响因素的权重系数,并对其进行总排序,最后进行综合评定各采空区煤自燃影响因素。评定结果表明:煤自燃倾向性M、煤的硫含量L、回采工作面推进速度g、地质构造d等是影响采空区煤自燃的主要因素。为制定相应的开拓开采方案和有效的防火措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际情况的评价方法。     

Stakeholders' expectations from the agri-environmental programme in Slovenia and Croatia

The agri-environmental programme (AEP) is the European Union policy instrument used for the delivery of environmental services expected by the society, but societal expectations for these environmental services are insufficiently assessed. In order to realistically meet the expectations of AEP, this research utilises analytical hierarchy process based web survey to assess the importance that various societal stakeholders in the European countries of Slovenia and Croatia give to specific environmental services and to also identify the agricultural practices that have the greatest potential to realise the expectations that society values the most. All stakeholders (overall group) from Slovenia and Croatia ranked water quality and availability as the first most important environmental service, and reduction of pesticides as the most important agricultural practice to deliver societal expectations. The results indicate that there is similar demand for environmental services in these two countries that differ in their agricultural settings.     

层次分析法在高层学生公寓火灾危险性评价中的应用

分析高层学生公寓的消防安全特点及其火灾发生危害性,评述现有的高层建筑火灾风险评价方法;在现有的评价方法的基础上,从人员因素、建筑物属性、安全疏散设施、报警与灭火系统、防火与防烟系统、建筑物内电气因素和消防安全管理7个方面综合考虑,建立了高层学生公寓的建筑火灾危险评价指标体系;利用层次分析法对高层学生公寓火灾危险性进行分析,确定其评价指标体系中各层次各指标的权重;分析结果表明:消防安全教育与培训是学生公寓火灾危险评价指标体系中最重要的因素。加强和改进高层学生公寓消防安全管理,对预防或减少高层学生公寓火灾具有现实指导价值。     

双台子河口湿地植被修复生境健康评价方法研究

以2014—2015年双台子河口滨海湿地植被修复20个站位调查资料为基础,对湿地修复结构指标、功能指标和环境指标进行研究,结合湿地生态系统健康理论,构建湿地生态环境健康评价指标体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)确定权重,对各个指标赋予权重,将健康评价分为3个等级,确立了生态健康评价方法,对近岸破损湿地翅碱蓬修复生境进行评价。进一步引用评价净影响值(EI)方法判断生境修复前、后的健康对比状态,从而确定翅碱蓬对该破损湿地的修复效果显著。从景观生态学和健康评价角度分析来看,建立此评价方法是可行的,可为今后湿地的管理与保护提供科学依据。     

Determination of 15 phthalate esters in air by gas-phase and particle-phase simultaneous sampling

Based on previous research, the sampling and analysis methods for phthalate esters (PAEs) were improved by increasing the sampling flow of indoor air from 1 to 4 L/min, shortening the sampling duration from 8 to 2 hr. Meanwhile, through the optimization of chromatographic conditions, the concentrations of 9 additional PAE pollutants in indoor air were measured. The optimized chromatographic conditions required a similar amount of time for analysis as before, but gave high responsivity, the capability of simultaneously distinguishing 15 kinds of PAEs, and a high level of discrimination between individual sample peaks, as well as stable peak generation. The recovery rate of all gas-phase and particle-phase samples of the 15 kinds of PAEs ranged from 91.26% to 109.42%, meeting the quantitative analysis requirements for indoor and outdoor air sampling and analysis. For the first time, investigation of the concentration levels as well as characteristics of 15 kinds of PAEs in the indoor air from four different traffic micro-environments (private vehicles, busses, taxis and subways) was carried out, along with validation of the optimized sampling and analytical method. The results show that all the 9 additional PAEs could be detected at relatively high pollution levels in the indoor air from the four traffic micro-environments. As none of the pollution levels of the 15 kinds of PAEs in the indoor air from the 4 traffic micro-environments should be neglected, it is of great significance to increase the types of PAEs able to be detected in indoor air.     

基于层次分析法（AHP）的环境绩效审计评价体系构建研究——以丽水市为例

文章构建了环境绩效审计综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标体系的权重,对于提高环境绩效审计工作质量和效率具有重要意义。丽水市生态资金绩效审计的实证研究结果表明,指标体系评价结果能客观反映市县行政区实际,指明影响环境管理绩效的消极因素,能有效提高财政经费使用效益,充分发挥审计服务科学发展的作用。     

多层次灰色综合评价法在企业清洁生产方案研选中的应用

针对国内清洁生产方案在选择过程中存在的主观性和不确定性,结合清洁生产审核中的实际问题,将层次分析法的思想融入灰色关联度分析法中,并结合某电镀厂筛选清洁生产方案的案例,对多层次灰色综合评价法模型的求解进行验证。通过验证证实了多层次灰色综合评价法能够解决多准则多方案选择过程中主观因素影响过大的问题,为清洁生产多方案的优选问题提供了科学合理的研究方法。