城区变电站周边商民用建筑物的安全分析和评估

随着中国社会经济的发展,不断出现变电站位于城区和市区的情况。为了更好的评估城区变电站周边商民用建筑物的安全性,文章分析了城区变电站对周边商民用建筑物和设备设施的影响,研究了城区变电站故障电流对周边商民用接地系统的耦合干扰。建立了城区变电站故障电流耦合干扰分析模型,基于接地导体GPR(地电位升)这个重要指标,提出了耦合干扰系数概念。定量分析探讨了影响耦合干扰系数的主要参数、因素及其变化规律,给出了城区变电站和商民用建筑物接地系统安全评估和分析的建议流程。最后基于BP神经网络建立了耦合干扰系数计算模型,从而设计者可以基于现场实际情况快速得到商民用建筑物受到的耦合干扰具体数值。研究成果为城区变电站周边商民用建筑物的安全防护和评估提供了理论依据和工程指导。     

有机物质与土壤结构

土壤结构是土壤物理学中最本质的部分．而有机物质对土壤结构的形成和稳定起着重要作用．本文就有机物质对有机无机复合作的形成及其对土壤结构的影响进行讨论．     

内蒙古典型草原土壤不同剖面深度CO_2通量格局及其驱动因子

土壤CO2的释放能够显著增加大气牛CO2的浓度,增强温室效应,从而对全球气候和环境变化产生重要影响.但是,不同的土壤层对CO2通量的贡献量有很大的差异.文章通过挖坑法结合红外气体分析法研究了内蒙古草原典犁针茅(Stipa krylovii)群落和羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落不同剖面深度土壤CO2通量格局以及影响CO2通量的驱动因素.结果表明,表层土壤移走后,土壤CO2通量的变化可分为瞬时、短期、长期三种格局.新剖面上最初的0～21 min内释放的CO2通量最均大于初始土壤表层CO2通量,而且两者比值随土壤深度增加而增大,也随土壤CO2生产能力增强而增大.2～4 d后,新剖面CO2通量持续下降至低于初始土壤表层CO2通量的水平.形成短期稳定状态.更长时间后,新剖面则逐渐表现出与初始土壤剖面表层相近的CO2通量特征.我们认为,(1)在新剖面形成时的CO2通量瞬时和短期格局主要受土壤中存留的原始CO2的浓度及其扩散过程控制,(2)长期格局则由资源水平和环境条件共同决定的土壤CO2生产能力主导.文章进一步揭示了建立包含垂直分层的SOC分解和CO2扩散过程的生态系统模型的必要性.     

岩溶山区不同土地利用方式下土壤质量指标响应

探讨了岩溶山区不同土地利用方式与土壤质量指标之间的响应关系.对重庆市北碚岩溶山区土壤肥力指标进行主因子分析的结果表明,原有22个土壤质量指标可归为4 类,分别以有机质,有效含水量,通气孔隙度,细菌、真菌数量百分比为代表,这4类因子基本反映了土壤质量随土地利用变化的综合变化状况.通径分析表明,不同土地利用方式下土壤持水性能主要与有机质、＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体有关,二者的效应均大于黏粒.在土地利用方式变化过程中,土壤质量变化体现在有机质含量、土壤供持水能力、土壤结构状况和土壤微生物特性的变化上.     

世纪生态菌

北京伊埃姆生物技术研究所研发的世纪生态菌（EM）微生物技术是集日、美等发达国家之微生物技术精华，结合我国土壤结构、气候条件、作物特性等因素，适合中国国情的升级产品，已在全国各地使用，在畜牧业、农业和环境方面取得可喜成果。     

Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by seeding different inoculated sludge

Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inoculated sludge in the systems. Morphological variations of sludge in the reactors were observed. It was found that the cultivation of aerobic granules was closely associated with the kind of inoculated sludge. Round and regular aerobic granules were prevailed in both reactors, and the physical charactedstics of the aerobic granules in terms of settling ability, specitic gravity, and ratio Of water containing were distinct wnen the inoculate sludge differe. Aerobic granules formed by seeding activated floc are more excellent in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification than that by aerobic granules formed from anaerobic granules. It was concluded that inoculated sludge plays a crucial role in the cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system was studied. System A was filled with loamy soil and system B was filled with mixed soil of 75% red clay with 25% cinder. Both systems were fed with sewage at the same hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d at continuous operation mode. The same excellent removal performances of COD and T-P could be achieved in both infiltration systems with removal rates about 85% and 98%, respectively. In system A, NH4^ -N removal rate was as high as 96.5% and T-N removal rate was relatively much lower as 55.7%. And in system B, NH4^ -N removal rate was as low as 75.4% and T-N removal rate was relatively much higher as 75.5 %. The difference was attributed to different soil oxidation-reduction condition that was greatly influenced by soil texture in subsurface infiltration system. Loamy soil led to oxidative condition that was favorable to nitrification and disadvantageous to denitrification. The results were just adverse to the system filled with clay. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal in system B. NH4^ -N removal rate could be increased to about 95% and T-N removal rate could be increased to about 90% at intermittent operation mode in system B. Analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms indicated that nitrification-denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal path in subsurface infiltration system and crop uptake was another important nitrogen removal way, It was the key to improve the total N removal performance that a suitable packing soil was available to present favorable oxidation-reduction condition for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

生物动力农业入门（四）

引言——什么是生物动力学？ 土壤结构和化学作用 土壤可以用发生的地层来描述。上层土或表层土或A层对植物而言是重要的,因为它提供了营养丰富的苗床。但是矿物质和营养物也存在于更低的地层,植物会伸展根系来达到那些区域。     

鼎湖山三种演替群落与其土壤结构及某些水文效应？…

对于鼎湖山的马尾松林、针阔混交林、季风常绿阔叶林等三种植被类型，普遍认为，其演替是依次由低级向级发展的过程。但是，通过对鼎湖山这三种植物群落的土壤结构及某些水儿应分析表明：①土壤吟吸粒径上于０．００１ｍｍ粘粒的量，季风常绿阔叶林〉马尾松林〉针阔混交林；②土壤中含有粒级大于０．２５ｍｍ土壤团聚体的量，季风常绿阔叶林〉马尾松林〉地阔混交林；③土壤吸持水分能力、土壤的抗侵蚀能力等水文效应与土壤中粒径小于