Organic matter extracted from activated sludge with ammonium hydroxide and its characterization

In order to characterize the organic properties of waste activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant,organic matter within sludge was extracted with NH 3 ·H 2 O preferentially,and subsequently fractionated into five fractions using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins.Up to a 63.8%-71.1% of organic matter within the sludge could be efficiently extracted by NH 3 ·H 2 O.Fractionation results showed that hydrophobic acid and hydrophilic fraction were two main components among the sludge organic matter (accounting for 32.2% and 48.0% of the bulk organic matter,respectively),whereas transphilic acid,hydrophobic neutral and transphilic neutral were quite low (accounting for 9.2%,5.8% and 4.8%,respectively).Despite that the extractant of NH 3 ·H 2 O showed a relatively higher extraction efficiency of the aromatic components,the relatively low aromaticity of the organic fractions implied that those non-aromatic components could also be effectively extracted,especially for neutral and hydrophilic fractions.In addition,acidic fractions contained more aromatic humic-like components,whereas the neutral fractions had a greater content of aromatic proteins and soluble microbial byproduct-like components.Extraction of sludge organics with NH 3 ·H 2 O and subsequential fractionation using XAD resins could be a novel method for further characterization of sludge organics.     

磷酸活化纺织固体废弃物制备活性炭及表征

以纺织固体废弃物为原料,磷酸为活化剂,采用一步活化法制备活性炭。采用正交实验研究了磷酸浓度、浸渍时间、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,借助氮吸附等温线、BET方程、BJH方程、SEM和FTIR分析了活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为磷酸浓度40%(质量分数)、浸渍时间24h、活化温度500℃、活化时间30min。最佳条件下活性炭碘值为967mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为112mL/g,BET比表面积为1107.51m2/g,总孔容积为1.239cm3/g,中孔容积为1.024cm3/g,中孔占82.65%。活性炭表面具有羟基、羰基、内酯基和多种含磷官能团。     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

纳米材料的表面修饰和表征技术

介绍了纳米粒子的表面改性及表面修饰的目的和方法,并对纳米微粒表面改性的各种方法原理及其特点进行了归纳;对纳米材料的常用分析和表征技术做了概括,主要从纳米颗粒的粒度测量、纳米微粒的表面分析、成分分析等方面进行了简要阐述;对纳米材料的表面修饰和表征技术的发展进行了展望。     

钒掺杂磁铁矿对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀硝酸盐氧化法合成了不同掺杂量的钒掺杂磁铁矿(Fe3-xVxO4, x<0.4),并运用化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测试、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及N2和空气气氛下的热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等手段对合成的Fe3-xVxO4进行了结构表征. 结果显示,合成的Fe3-xVxO4为立方晶系尖晶石结构,钒离子主要类质同像替换八面体位上的Fe3+. 合成的Fe3-xVxO4是纳米级的磁性材料,晶粒尺寸为28～35 nm. 钒掺杂作用增加了磁铁矿的表面羟基量. 吸附实验结果表明,在中性pH下,Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量随钒掺杂量的增加明显增大,其吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程. Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的吸附反应主要在前25 min内完成,动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程. 此外,提高溶液的pH有利于Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的吸附.     

浸入式短流程超滤膜生产工艺过程膜污染的形成与控制

以江苏芦泾水厂膜技术改造工程为对象,从水质、膜工艺特征结合生产运行过程以及污染膜的清洗进行了分析,目的是了解膜污染的组分构成,评价不同清洗剂的清洗效果,获取较优的清洗顺序.结果表明,原水以憎水酸(HOA)和亲水组分(HIM)为主体,质量分数各占40.34%和28.48%.溶解性有机物(DOM)则以芳香性蛋白质Ⅱ类物质为...     

Ce-PbO_2/C电极的制备及其去除水中酸性红B

采用电沉积法制备铈修饰的PbO2/C电极,通过SEM、XRD、XPS及循环伏安对PbO2/C、Ce-PbO2/C电极进行表征,结果表明,Ce-PbO2/C电极比PbO2/C颗粒细小,表面均匀致密,电化学氧化能力较强,修饰电极中Ce以CeO2的形态存在。以Ce-PbO2/C为工作电极,电解浓度为1 000 mg/L的高盐酸性红B模拟活性染料废水,考察了电压、pH、电解质浓度、极间距对脱色率、氨氮去除率及COD去除率的影响。确定适宜工艺条件为：初始酸性红B溶液浓度为1 000 mg/L,pH值为6,电压10 V,电解时间1 h,电极间距1.5 cm,该条件下脱色率、氨氮去除率和COD去除率分别为99.98%、97.23%和90.17%。通过UV-Vis及GC-MS初步分析了降解过程可能存在的中间产物及降解途径。     

重捕剂SDTC的合成及其处理含铊废水的研究

以小分子胺类、二硫化碳和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为原料合成一种复配型重捕剂SDTC,用于处理烧结脱硫含铊废水。采用响应面法通过Box-Behnken(BBD)实验设计影响铊去除率的反应条件,对废水pH、SDTC投加量、反应时间和无机离子进行了优化分析,同时通过红外光谱和紫外光谱对SDTC及其与铊生成的螯合物(SDTC-Tl)结构进行表征。结果表明,二次多项式模型的回归系数R~2为0.982 8,模型对实验数据的拟合度高。采用响应面法优化得出处理1.20mg/L含铊废水的最佳条件并对其进行修正为:废水pH 9.00,SDTC投加量2.80g/L,反应时间25.0min,无机离子21.1g/L,该条件下铊去除率为99.89%,实验结果与模型预测值吻合。红外和紫外光谱分析结果表明,SDTC与铊会发生配位反应,生成的SDTC-Tl可较长时间放置,不易产生二次污染。     

磁性生物膜载体的规模化制备、表征和应用

利用机械力化学表面改性原理设计了卧式双旋搅拌混合反应设备,通过磁铁矿粉和适量浓硫酸的球磨混合反应制备得到磁性生物膜载体,其XRD、IR、SEM和BET表征分析结果表明,磁性生物膜载体表层生成了多羟基硫酸铁为主的活性组分.进而在膜生物反应器实验装置中投加磁性生物膜载体进行了中试实验,结果表明,磁性生物膜载体能与活性污泥中的微生物聚合形成稳定的菌胶团,活性污泥SV30从实验初期89％降到了稳定期的39％,此外,磁性生物膜载体还具有稳定膜生物反应池出水COD,强化脱氮除磷的能力.     

密相塔半干法烟气脱硫塔内加湿降温及其对脱硫效率的影响

为了实现密相塔半干法脱硫工艺的精确加湿进一步提高系统脱硫效率,利用推导出的传热传质计算方法,得到烟气温度降低和加水量的关系.结合3组密相塔半干法工程实际数据,发现理论计算值和实测值误差区间仅为2.9％ ～5.4％.通过选取河北某钢厂210 m2烧结烟气密相塔半干法脱硫项目实际在线检测数据,发现循环脱硫灰含湿量为3％的系统脱硫效率整体高于含湿量为5％和4％的样品,最大值达93.56％.通过粒度分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及差热-热重对2种不同含湿量的循环脱硫灰进行表征,结果表明,含湿量为3％的循环脱硫灰较含湿量为5％的样品粒径小、比表面积大,无团聚现象,物相分析还证实相对于含湿量为5％样品,其Ca(OH)2和结晶水含量少,几乎都是CaSO4和CaS03干态物质,因此脱硫反应进行彻底,脱硫效率较高.