ABR反应器的设计

类似于多个UASB反应器串联起来运行的ABR反应器具有多种其它反应器不具备的优点，在处理化工颜料黄高盐生产废水的工程中，结合将高效复合微生物技术用于厌氧水解一连续曝气生化工艺取得成功；对ABR反应器而言，正确的设计参数是工程运行成功的保证。     

城市固体废物生物处理方法及其可行性

生物反应堆是通过强化微生物转化和降解有机废物的能力进行处理固体废物的一种方法。本文分别对好氧生物处理、厌氧生物处理和兼性生物处理的机理、影响因素以及各污染物质的迁移转化规律进行综合分析。研究表明生物反应堆具有明显的社会、环境、经济效益，是实现可持续发展的一条重要途径，为以后的研究和应用提供可靠的理论依据。     

Case study of landfill leachate recirculation using small-diameter vertical wells

A case study of landfill liquids addition using small diameter (5 cm) vertical wells is reported. More than 25,000 m³ of leachate was added via 134 vertical wells installed 3 m, 12 m, and 18 m deep over five years in a landfill in Florida, US. Liquids addition performance (flow rate per unit screen length per unit liquid head) ranged from 5.6 × 10^?8 to 3.6 × 10^?6 m³ s^?1 per m screen length per m liquid head. The estimated radial hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3.5 × 10^?6 to 4.2 × 10^?4 m s^?1. The extent of lateral moisture movement ranged from 8 to 10 m based on the responses of moisture sensors installed around vertical well clusters, and surface seeps were found to limit the achievable liquids addition rates, despite the use of concrete collars under a pressurized liquids addition scenario. The average moisture content before (51 samples) and after (272 samples) the recirculation experiments were 23% (wet weight basis) and 45% (wet weight basis), respectively, and biochemical methane potential measurements of excavated waste indicated significant (p < 0.025) decomposition.     

五孔支撑纤维膜在MBR运行中的特性研究

实验室自行研发的PVDF/PMMA/TPU共混体系的五孔支撑膜具有高强度耐冲击的特点,在一定程度上改善了传统中空纤维膜的断丝情况。将选择典型的、具有代表性的MBR工艺流程,采用自主研发的五孔膜制成帘式组件,用于处理经水解酸化后的印染废水。实验讨论了水力停留时间,曝气强度和污泥浓度对于出水水质的影响,最后确定最优的操作条件为:MBR的水力停留时间为20 h,曝气强度为2.45 m/m.h,污泥浓度为4 500 mg/L。     

厌氧-好氧生物反应器填埋工艺特性研究

基于生物反应器填埋技术,研究1种填埋场地循环操作的厌氧-好氧生物反应器填埋工艺,设计了该工艺模拟装置并研究了其运行工艺特性.厌氧阶段主要通过渗滤液回灌控制反应器工艺条件,主要试验结果为,pH值,R1在 6周后可上升至6.7～7.8,R2在17周内一直低于6.8;渗滤液COD浓度,R1在13周时下降至10?617 mg/L,R2在5周后上升至60?000 mg/L后长期趋于稳定;填埋气累计产量,R1在8周达到44%,R2几乎不产气.衡量稳定化可以分别采用渗滤液pH、COD浓度及BOD₅/COD的减少率、填埋气的累计产率等指标来判断,并据此转换为好氧填埋运行.好氧阶段主要是通过强制通风来减少恶臭和水分,主要试验结果为,通风19d氨气浓度降为1.16 mg/m³,通风23d后恶臭浓度降为19;通风14d后含水率降为26%.完成此阶段的工艺指标值可依据矿化垃圾开采的最终用途确定.对主要试验数据进行了数值模拟.厌氧-好氧填埋过程的微生物演替经RISA分析,有4个优势菌群,一些兼性菌群在厌氧-好氧阶段起着重要的承前启后作用.     

活性碳为载体的生物反应器填埋场模拟实验研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生。通过模拟试验探讨了加装了活性炭载体的生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产气情况及COD,pH值、挥发性脂肪酸的变化趋势。试验证明添加活性炭做载体的反应器不仅有助于垃圾降解及渗滤液中COD。浓度的降低,而且填埋气中甲烷含量也较高;但是简单的两相型反应器却不利于甲烷气体的产生和CODCr的降解,这是由于其水解速度慢,水解反应时间长引起的。     

利用藻类去除与回收工业废水中的金属

藻类对金属离子具有较强的富集能力，可作为生物吸附应用于工业污水中有毒、放射性金属的去除及稀有，贵重金属的回收，高效，经济、简便、选择性好，尤其适用于低浓度及一般方法不易去除的金属，是一种极有应用价值的传统方法的替代或辅助手段，藻类主要是通过生物吸附的途径去除及回收金属，多采用知细胞与固定化细胞两种富集体系。目前人类环境中金属污染仍相当严重，利用藻类富集这一生物工程技术处理含金属的工业污水，无论对于     

Anammox: an option for ammonium removal in bioreactor landfills

Experiments carried out in bioreactor landfill simulators demonstrated that more than 40% of the total N was transferred into the liquid and gas phases during the incubation period of 380 days. Ammonium, an end product of protein degradation and important parameter to consider during landfill closure, tends to accumulate up to inhibitory levels in the leachate of landfills especially in landfills with leachate recirculation. Most efforts to remove ammonium from leachate have been focused on ex situ and partial in situ methods such as nitrification, denitrification and chemical precipitation. Besides minimal contributions from other N-removal processes, Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria were found to be active within the simulators. Anammox is considered to be an important contributor to remove N from the solid matrix. However, it was unclear how the necessary nitrite for Anammox metabolism was produced. Moreover, little is known about the nature of residual nitrogen in the waste mass and possible mechanisms to remove it. Intrusion of small quantities of O₂ is not only beneficial for the degradation process of municipal solid waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills but also significant for the development of the Anammox bacteria that contributed to the removal of ammonium. Volatilisation and Anammox activity were the main N removal mechanisms in these pilot-scale simulators. The results of these experiments bring new insights on the behaviour, evolution and fate of nitrogen from solid waste and present the first evidence of the existence of Anammox activity in bioreactor landfill simulators.     

Treatment of sewage using an aged-refuse-based bioreactor

The refuse in landfills becomes stabilized or aged after years of placement, and the resultant partly or fully stabilized refuse thus obtained is referred to as "aged refuse" in this work. The aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which have been proved to have a strong decomposition capability for both biodegradable and refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters. In this study, the aged refuse excavated from a 10-year old closed landfill compartment at Shanghai Refuse Landfill was used as the substrate in a bioreactor for the biofiltration of sewage taken from the sewage pipeline systems in Shanghai downtown areas. Typically, 120kg of screened aged refuse with a diameter less than 15mm was used as biofiltration material in a round shaped bioreactor with an inner diameter of 80cm and a height of 150cm. Influent sewage with initial COD, BOD, and NH(3)-N concentrations of 400-500, 240-300, and 45-50mg/L, respectively, was introduced into the bioreactor. The corresponding concentrations in the effluent were reduced to below 80-100, 10-20, and 10-15mg/L, respectively, at a hydraulic load of 1000-1200L/m(3) refuse/day, and the treatment efficiencies decreased with increased hydraulic load. The treatment mechanism was also studied. It was found that the pollutant removal efficiencies dramatically decreased when the aged refuse in the bioreactor was preliminarily disinfected using NaClO solutions, indicating that the pollutants in the sewage were biologically removed. The treatment process developed in this work is cost-effective.