Long term changes in atmospheric N and S throughfall deposition and effects on soil solution chemistry in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands

In a Scots pine forest the throughfall deposition and the chemical composition of the soil solution was monitored since 1984. (Inter)national legislation measures led to a reduction of the deposition of nitrogen and sulphur. The deposition of sulphur has decreased by approximately 65%. The total mineral-nitrogen deposition has decreased by ca. 25%, which is mainly due to a reduction in ammonium-N deposition (−40%), since nitrate-N deposition has increased (+50%). The nitrogen concentration in the upper mineral soil solution at 10 cm depth has decreased, leading to an improved nutritional balance, which may result in improved tree vitality. In the drainage water at 90 cm depth the fluxes of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ have decreased, resulting in a reduced leeching of accompanying base cations, thus preserving nutrients in the ecosystem. It may take still several years, however, before this will meet the prerequisite of a sustainable ecosystem.     

中国清洁生产的立法问题

清洁生产的立法需要突出针对性和循序渐进的原则。根据工艺技术的先进性和行业发展状况的不同，其法律规范分为四亿层次：禁止性规范，提倡性规范，鼓励性规范和强制性规范。灵活性和可操作性是清洁生产立法的特点。     

环境管理中“限期治理制度”的有关问题

基于我国法制建设的要求以及市场经济建设过程中所面临的问题，从法律角度出发探讨了我国环境管理制度中的“限期治理制度”，包括其性质及与其他环境管理制度的关系等。从立法上对此制度的完善作了探讨。     

我国环境资源立法的缺陷与完善初探

我国环境资源立法虽然已有一定基础，但仍然存在诸如体系结构 不完善、内容滞后、操作性不强等问题，急需根据市场经济与可持续发展的要求进一步完善其体系、健全其内容。     

Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration,gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece

For a sustainable municipal sewage sludge management, not only the available technology, but also other parameters, such as policy regulations and socio-economic issues should be taken in account. In this study, the current status of both European and Greek Legislation on waste management, with a special insight in municipal sewage sludge, is presented. A SWOT analysis was further developed for comparison of pyrolysis with incineration and gasification and results are presented. Pyrolysis seems to be the optimal thermochemical treatment option compared to incineration and gasification. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is favorable for energy savings, material recovery and high added materials production, providing a ‘zero waste’ solution. Finally, identification of challenges and barriers for sewage sludge pyrolysis deployment in Greece was investigated.     

近年来美国环境政策制定的趋势及对我国的启示

美国是世界环境政策的引领,对我国生态文明制度建设有着重要的参考价值。通过系统梳理近年来美国环境政策制定的趋势发现,美国环境立法出现了僵局,但环境政策却以国会"非正统"的立法、联邦行政机构的环境政策制定、法院裁决、联邦行政机构和非公机构合作制定环境政策、地方环境政策、非政府环境政策等新方式出现,环境政策制定相当活跃。因此,借鉴美国经验,我国也可加强系统性环境法律体系的建设、优化行政机构的环境政策制定、积极发挥法院体系在环境政策领域中的作用、推动地方环境政策可先行先试以及参与式环境政策制定模式的探索。     

我国农村环境保护立法现状及完善建议

面对日益严峻的农村环保形势,针对目前我国农村环保问题现状,从立法角度分析目前我国农村环境保护法律规定、存在问题,并提出了完善我国农村环保立法的建议。     

The British road to post war planning: the forty‐year journey to the 1947 town & country planning act

This paper analyses the currents which gave rise to the 1947 Town & Country Planning Act. It describes the main statutory events in the first half of the 20th century and considers the progress made in implementing the legislation. It is argued that, while the 1947 Act was a major advance on what went before, it is not a significant departure.     

充分运用劳动安全法规全面加强监察执法工作

我国相继颁发了一系列劳动安全的专门法律、法规，同时在其他的一些法律、法规中，对劳动安全也做出了相应的法律规定，初步形成了劳动安全法规体系。作为劳动行政部门的监察执法人员，既要精通专门的劳动安全法律、法规，也必须掌握相关的法律规定，以提高监察执法工作的力度和水平。     

Preparation and implementation of seven ecological compensation plans for Dutch highways

First-generation compensation plans (CPs) for Dutch highway projects have been evaluated with respect to implementation of the compensation principle (1993), which aims to counterbalance the adverse ecological impacts of large-scale development projects. Decision-making on the seven projects took place between 1993 and 1995. Specifically, we considered: (a) the processes employed to prepare and implement the compensation plans; (b) the methods used to identify, plan, and execute the compensation measures; and (c) the results yielded by these methods. We conclude that the CPs were prepared fairly uniformly, particularly in terms of the processes and methodologies used to derive compensation measures. Five of the seven CPs had become operational by 2001 and initial experience is now being gained on land acquisition and transfer of compensation sites to nature conservation trusts. Further progress of CPs is likely to be seriously hampered by growing demand for land for development in general and associated increases in real estate prices. Several problems are addressed and recommendations made with respect to: (a) developing a legal basis for the compensation principle; (b) the relationship with re-allotment projects; (c) estimation of compensation costs; (d) an annual bias of CP budgets to account for rising costs; (e) contingency measures; and (f) criteria for CP (ex-post) evaluation.