生物转盘数学模型研究进展

生物转盘是一种生物膜法废水处理技术。目前对生物转盘的研究主要有反应器的设计、操作参数、盘片特质、处理废水类型和基于该反应器的数学模型等。其中数学模型的研究对反应器的设计和运行管理具有重要的指导意义。总结和分析了生物转盘流体力学、传质、动力学的数学模型,提出了今后生物转盘数学模型的研究重点。     

回转升降生物接触工艺的研究

提出了一种具有全新运转方式的RBC系统———回转升降生物接触工艺 ,并对回转升降生物接触工艺的工作原理和工艺特征进行了论述。通过实验 ,对回转升降生物接触工艺小型实验装置的性能进行了初步考察     

Chromium speciation in the blood of metal-on-metal hip implant patients

The objective of this study was to determine the valence state of chromium (Cr) in the blood of individuals with Cr-containing metal hip implants. Serum and red blood cell (RBC) Cr concentrations from 52 patients with Cr-containing total hip arthroplasties were measured preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Geometric mean and median pre-surgery serum Cr concentrations were consistently below 0.2 µg/L, while geometric mean and median pre-op RBC Cr concentrations were typically about four- to six-fold higher than the serum values. A significant 5- to 13-fold increase was found in the mean and median serum Cr concentrations three months post-surgery, with an 8- to 18-fold rise at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Steady-state serum concentrations were reached between 3 and 12 months. In contrast, there were no marked differences in mean and median RBC Cr concentrations pre- and post-surgery. Slope regression analysis for our data was similar to those reported for Cr(III) in spiked blood samples. The analysis showed that Cr released from hip implants preferentially distributed into serum and not RBC, indicating that the form of Cr present in blood of hip implant patients was in the form of non-toxic Cr(III). Our findings indicate that blood Cr concentrations Cr(III) associated with metal implants do not pose an adverse health risk to patients, which is in agreement with findings published by most investigators.     

The effect of plasma components on hemoglobin release test in red blood cells (RBC)

Electrophoresis release test (ERT) was established by our lab to observe the re-released hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells (RBCs) and whole blood. In this study, ERT was performed to study the effects of different plasma components including plasma, serum, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, glucose, amino acid, vitamin, insulin, hormone, and inorganic ions on re-released Hb from RBC and whole blood samples during ERT. The results showed that plasma, serum, albumin, globulin, compound amino acid, essential amino acid, vitamin C, insulin, hormone, NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and NaHCO₃^? decreased re-released RBC Hb; while glucose, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12 elevated re-released RBC Hb. The differing effects of various plasma components on re-released Hb of RBC may play a significant role in blood conservation.     

环境中的PAES对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响研究

通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响进行了研究。目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪的致突变作用。方法以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为污染物对蟾蜍蝌蚪染毒24小时,并观察其细胞核变化。所用蟾蜍蝌蚪处于变态期,对污染物较为敏感。结果邻苯二甲酸酯使蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核率以及核异常细胞率上升,微核率随着浓度的增大而上升,在浓度为78 ug/ml,对照组相比有极显著差异P〈0.01,浓度在18.5 ug/ml时试验组突变的细胞核的形态发生显著改变,核异常细胞率与对照组核异常细胞率有显著差异P〈0.05。此时显微镜下观察可见微核、双核、核内凹、核碎裂、无丝分裂时核分裂不均等核的形态变化。结论邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪具有明显的致突变作用。     

生物转盘系统中短程硝化的实现

在生物转盘反应器接种普通好氧污泥,在进水COD浓度为300mg/L,氨氮浓度为15mg/L,pH7.5～8.0,室温条件下启动试验,挂膜成功后对盘面以表层异养菌为主的生物膜层进行亚硝酸盐氧化菌的驯化,通过不断提高进水氨氮负荷和控制较低的C/N,系统硝化反应经历了由弱→强→弱的变化,而氨氧化反应不断得到强化。64d时,当进水N/C比为3.75,COD和氨氮浓度分别为40mg/L和150mg/L,氨氮面积负荷为7.46g/m·2d,HRT=3.16h时,出水亚硝氮累积率达到56.7%,系统中实现了短程硝化反应,随着系统的稳定,亚硝氮平均累积率为80%,最高达95.8%;驯化过程中生物膜厚度由0.2cm增加到0.5cm,颜色也由浅黄色变成黄褐色,镜检发现微生物种类变少,钟虫和累枝虫等消失,膜体中间由大量的丝状体连接。     

生产性四级转盘生物膜活性的测定与分析

本文以处理生物制品废水的生产性四级转盘的生物膜为材料,在监测转盘对废水污染指标(BOD_5、COD_(cr)、挥发酚)降解性能的同时,测定了各级转盘生物膜的挥发性固体(VS)、活性微生物数目(AMN)以及TTC-脱氢酶活性(TTC-DHA)等活性参数,并分析讨论了VS、AMN、TTC-DHA与转盘级数的关系以及TTC-DHA与VS的相关性等问题。结果表明,TTC-DHA可能将会成为测定转盘生物膜活性的有效参数。     

生物转盘在污水生物处理中的研究进展

生物转盘是污水处理的一种有效手段.从生物转盘的基本特性和处理原理出发,对不同的生物转盘类型进行了比较,讨论了生物转盘的应用进展、在实际应用中的影响因素等问题,并在此基础上对生物转盘的改进措施及研究前景进行了展望.     

基于射流技术的生物转盘处理生活污水的试验研究

试验研究基于射流技术的生物转盘处理生活污水的特性，讨论污水流量、气水比对处理效果的影响，总结系统的最佳运行参数。试验系统通过射流曝气器可同时实现自吸污水、混合曝气及驱动转盘。结果显示，该系统对生活污水CODcr的去除率达80％以上。     

In vivo effects of acute administration of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) on rat erythrocytes

Potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) K[Co(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₄] is a coordination complex having Co(III) as the central atom. Cobalt(III) compounds are being advocated for their anticarcinogenic potential. In the present study, we have for the first time evaluated this compound for its toxicity to rat RBC. The parameters studied include the effects of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) on GSH, GST, catalase, G6PD, acid phosphatase, GOT, and GPT. Scanning electron microscopy of RBCs of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) treated rats has also been carried out for evaluating its influence on the red cell morphology. The data showed that potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) treatment causes marked biochemical changes in the rat RBCs along with changes in their shapes characterized by the formation of acanthocytes. The results thus suggest that acute administration of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) is potentially toxic to rat RBCs.