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排序方式: 共有87条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Shahid Parvez Glenn E. Rice Linda K. Teuschler Jane Ellen Simmons Thomas F. Speth Susan D. Richardson Richard J. Miltner E. Sidney Hunter III Jonathan G. Pressman Lillian F. Strader Gary R. Klinefelter Jerome M. Goldman Michael G. Narotsky 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):311-321
A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts(DBPs). Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP mixtures.Because of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture(WM) of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–Dawley(S–D) rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation(PPS) and vaginal opening(VO), was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–D rats administered either a defined mixture(DM) of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints. 相似文献
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Ghosh R Joad J Benes I Dostal M Sram RJ Hertz-Picciotto I 《Environment international》2012,39(1):96-102
Acute respiratory infections are common in children below 5 years and recent studies suggest a possible link with air pollution. In this study, we investigated the association between ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) and bronchitis or upper airway inflammation.This longitudinal study was conducted in Teplice and Prachatice districts, Czech Republic. Children were followed from birth to 4.5 years of age. Data were compiled from medical records at delivery and at follow up, and from self-administered questionnaires from the same two time points. Air pollution monitoring data were used to estimate exposure over five different averaging periods ranging from three to 45 days prior to an episode. To quantify the association between exposure and outcome, while accounting for repeated measure correlation we conducted logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations.During the first 2 years of life, the adjusted rate ratio for bronchitis associated with interquartile increase in the 30-day average NOx was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.61] and for two to 4.5 year olds, it was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49). The 14-day exposure also had stable association across both age groups: below 2 years it was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.47) and for two to 4.5 years it was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.39). The association between bronchitis and NOx increased with child's age in the under 2 years group, which is a relatively novel finding.The results demonstrate an association between NOx and respiratory infections that are sufficiently severe to come to medical attention. The evidence, if causal, can be of public health concern because acute respiratory illnesses are common in preschool children. 相似文献
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利用微生物评价水质的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
微生物由于生长迅速,繁殖周期短,运转费用低,故以其作为对象来评价水质的研究较为广泛,利用微生物评价水质可分为两类:一类是直接测定法,即分析本地物种的各项指标,包括各大类微生物的数量,对微生物进行分类鉴定,研究水体中微生物生理类群的结构和功能,其二是间接测定法,指将正常培养的已知微生物或装置置入采回的水样中,依据一定时间内微生物的变化来判断水样的受程度,如发光细菌法,微生物传感器法及致突变法等,该文分别叙述以此两类方法监测水质的研究进展。 相似文献
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城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂,在许多不可控因素,城市交通是一个动态系统,污染物排放量始终处于变化之中,控制城市交通污染,必须严格控制机动车排放,该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况,以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型,展望了这方面研究前发展趋势,并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。 相似文献
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对区域性有害废物集中处理场的建设及管理等问题,提出了一系列相关的注意事项及处理办法;并从法律的角度给予明确的规定 相似文献