澳大利亚园艺专业TAFE教育的考察报告

我们主要考察了澳大利亚园艺专业TAFE教育的情况,包括考察地的基本概况、园艺专业的培训包、教学组织与实施、教师管理、RTO注册与申请等内容,最后提出了初步建议.     

园艺生产中环境保护问题

园艺花卉产业的发展与其它农业生产一样，面临着各种环境问题，突出表现在化肥、农药对环境的污染、野生花卉种质资源和生产多样性的破坏以及对生物安全的威胁等。实现园艺花卉业可持续发展，应立足生态农业，提高科学技术水平和管理水平，保护野生花卉种质资源。同时，作者提出了野生花卉资源收集、保护、繁育等方面开发国际使用的设想。     

The effects of agricultural cooperatives on smallholder livelihoods and agricultural performance in Cambodia

Cooperatives are increasingly advocated as a means to improve incomes, livelihoods and the sustainability of smallholder farmers. This study analyzes the impact of commercial vegetable cooperative membership on smallholder agricultural performance in Cambodia. Institutional heterogeneities are considered across cooperatives and various econometric techniques are used to control for potential selection bias. The impacts of horticulture on agricultural outcomes are also analyzed. The results indicate that membership of commercial vegetable cooperatives has so far had no effect on agricultural incomes or the value or amounts of agricultural inputs. However, results indicate that membership has affected technology choice, access to credit services and information transmission through technological training. Additionally, there is evidence that horticulture, as a component of overall agricultural diversification, can augment farm income. The results suggest that much of the benefit of cooperative membership stems from the cooperative's provision of services, which might not be easily inferred from measures of member incomes.     

昆明地区花卉生产对水环境影响的调查研究

以昆明地区的花卉生产为主要研究对象,通过实地调查和试验研究两种方式,了解和掌握花卉生产对水环境影响的实际情况,科学客观地做出分析判断,明确花卉产业在整体发展过程中与环境的和谐友好程度;研究提出花卉生产对水环境影响最小甚至是零排放的最佳生产模式。     

Sustainability aspects of vegetable production in the peri-urban environment of Bogotá, Colombia

Although the peri-urban region around Bogotá, Colombia contains a diversified horticulture sector, local vegetable production suffers from a critical lack of research and availability of un-biased, scientifically validated information on crop management. In this study, we identify current trends and deficiencies in fertilisation and pest management for local vegetable production. We relate pesticide type with target pests, evaluate temporal patterns in pesticide and fertiliser use for a key crop (i.e. spinach) and conduct basic nutrient budget accounting. Personal interviews with vegetable growers were combined with a detailed follow-up of management activities and soil nutrient profiles on pilot farms in two different peri-urban municipalities. Most (84%) vegetable growers relied on personal experience, and indicated a lack of unbiased information on fertiliser effectiveness and pesticide action spectra. The majority of farmers used pesticide mixtures on a calendar basis and commonly applied products below recommended doses. Soil nutrient accounts indicate insufficient fertilisation and a progressive depletion of key nutrients. Extraction rates for the principal vegetable crops exceeded by 33.6%, 20.5% and 93.0% soil nutrient availability of N, P and K, respectively. Organic products are included in local fertilisation schemes, with chicken manure as the principal source, at an average application rate of 6 t ha^?1. Our findings could help policymakers and local institutions set a research and extension agenda to promote sustainable peri-urban vegetable production and help secure peri-urban livelihoods while ensuring healthy and safe horticultural production.     

抗番茄青枯病复合菌剂的筛选构建及其防效

通过土壤浸出液培养基和菌间相互拮抗试验,筛选并构建出由能拮抗土传病原菌的拮抗菌系和与之协同、快速繁殖的营养菌系组成的复合菌剂.复合菌剂在25～40 ℃,pH=6.0～8.0条件下生长良好.对番茄青枯病的平板拮抗试验的结果表明,复合菌剂对番茄青枯病病原菌、病土及番茄青枯病株中的微生物均有明显拮抗作用.盆栽试验结果显示,施入复合菌剂,可延缓病土的青枯病发病时间8～19 d并减少发病株数2～3株,防效明显.     

Benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in an office setting

This research studied possible benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in a controlled laboratory experiment. Participants were 34 students randomly assigned to one of two conditions: an office setting with four indoor plants, both flowering and foliage, or the same setting without plants. Attention capacity was assessed three times, i.e. immediately after entering the laboratory, after performing a demanding cognitive task, and after a five-minute break. Attention capacity was measured using a reading span test, a dual processing task known to tap the central executive function of attention. Participants in the plant condition improved their performance from time one to two, whereas this was not the case in the no-plant condition. Neither group improved performance from time two to three. The results are discussed in the context of Attention Restoration Theory and alternative explanations.     

设施园艺废水处理方法进展研究

设施农业废水由设施园艺废水、设施禽畜养殖废水和设施水产养殖废水组成,是农业面源污染的重要贡献来源。考虑到设施园艺废水排放的随机性、广泛性、扩散性,以及发生时间、污染物浓度、发生源的不确定性等特征,提出了从源头进行控制和从过程进行控制的两个出发角度,即对设施园艺废水从源头进行减量控制的技术和从过程进行阻控的技术,并综述了当前设施园艺废水处理工艺和方法的研究与应用现状,希望为中国设施农业面源污染控制研究领域提供参考。     

无公害食用菌生产技术规程的制定研究

通过分析近年来我国食用菌生产管理和产品质量安全存在的问题,论述了开展无公害食用菌生产的重要性.同时吸收各地的生产经验.根据国家有关标准,从食用菌生产场所的选择、培养基材料和水的要求、栽培管理、病虫害防治、采后处理、加工贮藏和产品质量安全检测等几个方面,提出了一整套较系统的无公害食用菌生产技术操作规程.该项技术规程在生产上的推广应用,对提高食用菌生产技术水平、改善和保障食用菌产品质量、增强产品在国际市场的竞争力将产生积极的推动作用.     

The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature

People have been bringing plants into residential and other indoor settings for centuries, but little is known about their psychological effects. In the present article, we critically review the experimental literature on the psychological benefits of indoor plants. We focus on benefits gained through passive interactions with indoor plants rather than on the effects of guided interactions with plants in horticultural therapy or the indirect effect of indoor plants as air purifiers or humidifiers. The reviewed experiments addressed a variety of outcomes, including emotional states, pain perception, creativity, task-performance, and indices of autonomic arousal. Some findings recur, such as enhanced pain management with plants present, but in general the results appear to be quite mixed. Sources of this heterogeneity include diversity in experimental manipulations, settings, samples, exposure durations, and measures. After addressing some overarching theoretical issues, we close with recommendations for further research with regard to experimental design, measurement, analysis, and reporting.