低剂量~（147）Pm对免疫细胞的刺激增殖效应

探讨了低剂量~（１４７）Ｐｍ内照射时，引起中枢和外周免疫细胞的刺激增殖效应。（１４７）~Ｐｍ的体内滞留过程，用最小二乘法拟合滞留方程为：Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．１９９ｅ０（－０．１４５２ｔ）＋０．８１２ｅ（－０．０００８ｔ）。可见包括快、慢两个不同半滞留期，快组分Ｔ１＝４．７７天，慢组分Ｔ２＝８６６．３天。当机体摄人（１４７）~ｐｍ０．１８５～０．７４ｋＢｑ／ｇ，即吸收剂量为０．２２３－０．８８２ｃＧｙ时，可使中枢免疫器官骨髓和胸腺细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入率显著增升；而摄入（１４７）~ｐｍ０．１８５ｋＢｑ／ｇ，即吸收剂量为０．２２３ｃＧｙ时，可刺激外周免疫器官脾Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞转化过程，增强增殖。     

饮用水汞暴露对小鼠免疫系统的毒性

通过饮用水对小鼠进行氯化汞和氯化甲基汞暴露,连续暴露14 d后,采集小鼠血样、脾脏与胸腺.分别采用MTT法、LDH释放法和ELISA等方法评价了汞暴露对小鼠胸腺、脾脏的淋巴细胞体外增殖系数、自然杀伤细胞杀伤系数和血清中细胞因子(IL-2和TNF-α)分泌量的影响.实验结果显示:(1)汞暴露抑制了淋巴细胞的增殖性能和自然杀伤细胞杀伤活性,并具有浓度依赖性,且MeHg的抑制作用明显高于Hg2+;(2)MeHg和Hg2+暴露同样对IL-2的分泌具有抑制作用但不具有浓度依赖性;(3)汞暴露对TNF-α分泌的影响依汞的形态和浓度不同而不同,如MeHg对其具有明显抑制作用,Hg2+在低浓度时对TNF-α的分泌具有一定的促进作用,而高浓度时为抑制作用.     

癌症疫苗失效的元凶浮出水面

英国研究人员在11月4日出版的《科学》杂志上撰文指出,在老鼠身上进行的研究表明,纤维母细胞活化蛋白（FAP）会阻止身体的免疫细胞去攻击癌细胞,破坏FAP可让肿瘤细     

细颗粒物的免疫毒性研究进展

近年来,我国机动车数目迅猛增加及以煤炭为主的能源消耗大幅攀升,区域灰霾现象频发,细颗粒物的环境空气污染问题日益凸显.细颗粒物由于其成分、粒径与来源等的多样性,对健康的影响更为严重和复杂.细颗粒物可通过破坏组织屏障、损伤免疫细胞、调节细胞因子的分泌等方式影响免疫系统的功能,与多种慢性炎症性疾病的发生发展密切相关,但其致病机制尚未阐明.本文对细颗粒物致人体的免疫毒性效应及其可能机制进行综述,并提出今后开展此类研究的建议.     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

碳纳米管的免疫毒性研究

碳纳米管已经以各种不同的方式进入我们的生活,因此,对碳纳米管可能给人们的健康与安全带来的影响需要有足够的认识.本文就近年来对碳纳米管引起免疫细胞毒性的研究进展进行综述,为人们进一步认识和更好地应用碳纳米管奠定基础.