负载型钌催化剂的制备对甲苯催化燃烧的影响

采用浸渍法,将贵金属钌负载到分子筛制备了钌基催化剂,探讨了分子筛类型、钌负载量、焙烧温度和催化剂粒径等制备条件对催化剂催化氧化甲苯性能的影响。结果表明,以ZSM-5为载体制备的钌基催化剂催化甲苯的效果优于β分子筛为载体的催化剂;随着钌负载量的增加,在1%～1.2%的范围内催化剂活性明显上升,之后有所下降;焙烧温度在250～350℃的范围内,催化剂对甲苯的催化活性随焙烧温度的升高显著上升,但350℃之后活性变化不大;在一定范围内适当降低催化剂粒径可增加催化剂的活性,但降到40目以下时催化剂活性变化不大。实验条件下制备的催化剂可在180℃时催化转化98%的甲苯,表现出了低温催化去除甲苯的优异性能。     

关于室内装修有害气体烘焙排风稀释技术数值研究

依据实测数据,应用数值计算手法,对烘焙排风稀释技术不同工况下总挥发性有机化合物的排除量、烘焙排风稀释阶段室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物的浓度变化进行计算并讨论烘焙温度、换气次数对去除效果的影响。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

Catalytic dechlorinafion of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd／Fe

Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m2/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m2/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity.     

自然界中铁硫化物矿物对含氯有机化合物降解作用

含氯有机化合物被广泛用于工农业生产和人们的日常生活中 ,对环境污染也日益严重。缺氧环境下对含氯有机化合物的非生物转化是自然界自我调控的过程之一 ,而广泛存在于这一环境中的铁硫化物矿物在这一过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要从反应机理角度回顾了铁硫化物矿物作为有机氯污染物主体还原剂的研究现状 ,并对进一步研究中可能存在的问题及研究重点提出了具体的建议。     

水解酸化-好氧工艺处理感光材料有机废水研究

感光材料有机生产废水含有多种合成有机物，其BOD5／CODer比值为0．46～0．48，可生化性良好，经水解酸化处理后该废水的BOD5／CODcr的比值可提高至0．54～056，平均增加了17％左右。水解酸化－好氧串联工艺对该废水总的处理效果表明：在废水CODer进水浓度2000～2500mg／L范围内，CODer总去除率可达95％左右，BOD5总去除率可达97％左右；水解酸化后好氧生化系统的动力学半速度常数Ks＝103mg／L，最大比降解速度K＝5．0／日。     

有机物分子结构与光催化氧化反应活性的关系

从正辛醇－水分配系数与Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ常数，光催化氧化过程中的光解作用，表面活性剂的微环境效应及取代基的诱导效应等方面，探讨了有机物分子结构与其光催化氧化反应性之间的关系。     

水中酚类有机污染物HPLC分析及其应用

超声辐照技术降解水中有机污染物，其降解效率的主平价需要简单、快捷和精确的分析方法。为此研究了5种优先控制酚类污染物的HPLC分离及定量分析方法，方法的定量范围为0.4-100mg/L，检测限介于0.34-0.79ng/μL。4－氯酚的超声降解实验表明，随着反应溶液中4－氯酚初始浓度的降低，降解效率明显提高，因此该方法适用于超声降解过程中酚类污染物的跟踪测定。     

用片段常数法估算有机化合物在鱼体内的生物富集因子

根据337个有机化合物在鱼体内生物富集因子的实测数据建立了片段常数估算模型。涉及的有机物包括卤代苯、卤代联苯、氯代脂肪烃、多环芳烃、醇、醚、醛、酮、腈、苯酚、苯胺、硝基苯、呋喃、二误Yin、含氮氧硫的杂环混合和物、脲和有机磷农药等多种类别，logKow在0.39-8.60之间。模型可决系数0.982，标准差0.453，平均绝对误差0.322个对数单位。60种检验化合物的平均预测残差为0.320个对数单位。