Screening of pharmaceuticals and hormones at the regional scale, in surface and groundwaters intended to human consumption

As part of a regional screening to evaluate the risk, for the health of populations, to certain classes of emerging substances, several families of pharmaceuticals and hormones were looked for in waters intended to drinking. Thus, 52 substances were investigated in 71 surface waters and 70 groundwaters. Results indicate that no water was free of pollutants, regardless of its origin (surface or groundwater) and the season of collect. The pharmaceuticals most frequently detected and with the highest concentration levels were salicylic acid, carbamazepine and acetaminophen. Among hormones, testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone were detected in almost all the samples. Globally the groundwaters were less contaminated than surface waters in regards pharmaceuticals frequencies and levels. On the other side, androgens and progestagens were present with comparable frequencies and levels in both compartments. The risk linked to the presence of these substances on human health is discussed.     

Study of spatial and temporal distribution of antimicrobial in water and sediments from caging fish farms by on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS

An on-line solid phase extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 12 antimicrobials in sediment and surface water was developed and validated. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal antimicrobials distributions in the sediment and in the water of four fish farms located in the hydroelectric dam of Ilha Solteira Reservoir in Brazil were investigated over four seasons in three sampling sites: at the fish cages, 100 and 1,000 m downstream far from the cages. The method was performed using an Agilent Zorbax 80 SB-C8 column (9.4 × 15 mm, 5 µm) as the loading column, and the Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (3.0 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) as a separation column within a run time of 13 min. The limits of quantification were less than 9 ng·L^?1 for the antibiotics in water and 16 µg·kg^?1 in sediment; the recovery ranged from 80 to 119%, with a variation coefficient less than 11%, and the repeatability was lower than 15%. Oxytetracycline was found in the water in all sample seasons. However, florfenicol was identified in April and October 2013 and January 2014, and tetracycline was present in July 2013. Regarding the sediment, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were found in all sampling periods, but chlortetracycline was only identified in January 2014. The spatial distribution of antimicrobials showed that the main pollution source came from the fish farms. This study demonstrated that the proposed method is reliable for the monitoring of antimicrobials in water and sediments and it showed contamination in both matrices from Ilha Solteira Reservoir.     

SPE-LC-MS法检测杭州地区饮用水水源及自来水中的双酚A

采用固相萃取 液相色谱 质谱法 (SPE LC MS)对杭州钱塘江流域及杭州地区自来水厂水样中的双酚A进行检测 .在 1 0个采样点均检测出双酚A ,浓度范围在 0 33— 2 5 0 9ng·l- 1 .     

冀西北典型北方小城镇污水处理厂中抗生素的分布和去除

抗生素在环境中作为一种新型污染物,是目前污水处理厂中重要的污染物之一.为考察小城镇污水处理厂对抗生素的去除效果,选择3种典型小城镇污水处理工艺(CASS、A~2/O及Orbal氧化沟工艺),研究了4种四环素类、3种β-内酰胺类、4种大环内酯类、3种喹诺酮类和2种磺胺类在进出水中的浓度分布、去除情况以及不同工艺抗生素去除效率,并对抗生素浓度与水质常规指标的相关性进行分析.结果表明,所研究的污水处理厂中氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星为主要抗生素,并且去除效果较好.5个污水处理厂运行情况良好,CASS工艺和Orbal氧化沟工艺对大部分抗生素的去除效果比A~2/O工艺好,抗生素去除率均能达到60%以上.同时,发现CASS工艺和A~2/O工艺对β-内酰胺类(氨苄西林、青霉素)、喹诺酮类(恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星)和大环内酯类(克拉霉素)的去除效果最好,Orbal氧化沟工艺对四环素类(四环素、土霉素)和磺胺类(磺胺嘧啶)的去除效果最好.将抗生素浓度和水质基本参数(NH_4~+-N、TN、COD、pH等)进行相关性分析后,发现抗生素浓度与水质基本参数NH_4~+-N、COD呈一定正相关,污染物浓度越高,红霉素(EM)、罗红霉素(ROX)、差向四环素盐酸盐(ETC)、克拉霉素(CLR)、环丙沙星(CIP)、氧氟沙星(OFX)、差向土霉素(E-OTC)、四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)以及诺氟沙星(NOR)的浓度也相对更高,这为确保小城镇污水厂的稳定运行,降低抗生素类污染物的生态风险提供了重要参考.