Effects of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna during chronic toxicity test and the recovery test

IntroductionWiththedevelopmentandapplicationofnewpesticide ,insecticidehasgreatlyreducedtheharmofpesttocrops .Bifenthrinisaneffectivepyrethroidinsecticideandacaricideagainstawiderangeofinsectpests ,anditisverypoisonoustomammal,aquatic .Thisinsecticideiswi…     

Acute and chronic toxicity of organophosphate monocrotophos to Daphnia magna

The acute and chronic toxicity of monocrotophos (MCP), the binary joint toxicity of MCP and bifenthrin (BF), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to Daphnia magna (D. magna) was evaluated. The 24 h-median effective concentration (24 h-EC₅₀) and 48 h-median lethal concentration (48 h-LC₅₀) of MCP towards D. magna were 161 and 388 μ g/L, respectively. In addition, the lowest-observed effective concentration (LOEC) and non-observed effective concentration (NOEC) of MCP to D. magna were 10 and 5 μ g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the chronic value (ChV) of MCP against D. magna was 7 μ g/L and the acute chronic ratio (ACR) was 55. The number of offspring per female and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were identified as the parameters that were most sensitive to MCP. In addition, toxic unit (TU) analysis was employed to evaluate the joint toxicities. The calculated TU_mix values of binary equitoxic mixtures of MCP + BF and MCP + SDBS were 1.47 and 1.63, respectively, which suggests that both equitoxic mixtures exert a limited antagonistic effect. The results of this study revealed that the toxic threshold of MCP towards D. magna is higher than its reported highest residue (4 μ g/L) in the ordinary aquatic environment, and that concurrent exposure to BF or SDBS may exert a slight antagonistic effect.     

联苯菊酯在棉花和土壤中的残留和降解行为研究

为了评价为联苯菊酯在棉花上使用的安全性,于2010—2011年在济南、杭州两地采用田间试验和气相分析方法研究了联苯菊酯在棉叶、棉籽及土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。联苯菊酯在棉叶和土壤中的降解行为均符合一级降解动力学方程,其降解半衰期分别为4.2-6.7、10.6-16.0 d。联苯菊酯在棉籽和土壤中的最终残留质量分数均小于最低检出限0.01 mg.kg-1,低于联苯菊酯在棉花上的最高残留限量（MRL）0.5 mg.kg-1。建议10%联苯菊酯可溶液剂防治棉花蚜虫,用药次数1-2次,使用剂量是9-18 aig.hm-2,在棉花上的安全间隔期14 d。     

生物作用对联苯菊酯对映体降解行为的研究

为了研究生物对联苯菊酯对映体残余量及对映体降解动态的影响,本实验选择以土壤、活性污泥、植物为研究对象,运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测不同介质中的微生物对联苯菊酯对映体的降解作用。结果表明:外消旋体的降解率为活性污泥植物未灭菌土(表层)未灭菌土(下层)灭菌土(表层)≥灭菌土(下层);对映体的降解率差为植物活性污泥未灭菌土(下层)未灭菌土(表层)。     

Effect of repeated oral administration of bifenthrin antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of rats

The oxidative-stress-inducing potential of the pyrethroid, bifenthrin, in the brain of rats was evaluated following daily oral administration of 5.8 mg/kg body weight. Lipid peroxidation in the brain was increased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase decreased. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes and brain also decreased. Bifenthrin induces severe oxidative stress in brain, and inhibits brain and erythrocyte AChE.     

Toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to the grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio,parasitized with the bopyrid isopod,Probopyrus pandalicola

The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, plays a large role in the marine ecosystem, serving as a vital link in the food web between many other species. Marine parasites such as the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola, reduce shrimp growth and reproductive output and may also cause P. pugio to be more vulnerable to the lethal effects of contaminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of resmethrin and bifenthrin on the grass shrimp, P. pugio, infected with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. A 96-h static renewal test was conducted to determine the toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticides resmethrin and bifenthrin to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola. The results were then compared to similar tests utilizing unparasitized P. pugio. Parasitized P. pugio had lower 24-h LC₅₀ (1.08 μg/L) and 96-h LC₅₀ (0.43 μg/L) values for resmethrin than unparasitized P. pugio. However, LC₅₀ ratio tests found that there was no significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized shrimp when affected by resmethrin (p = 0.1751 and 0.1108, respectively). In contrast, an LC₁₀ ratio test indicated that there was a significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized P. pugio after 96 h (p < 0.0001). When subjected to bifenthrin, parasitized P. pugio had a higher 24-h LC₅₀ (0.049 μg/L6) than unparasitized P. pugio. The LC₅₀ ratio test established that the effects of bifenthrin on parasitized P. pugio when compared to unparasitized P. pugio were significantly different at 24 h (p = 0.0065). However, there were no significant differences between parasitized and unparasitized after 96 h (p = 0.4229). In conclusion, both resmethrin and bifenthrin are toxic to the grass shrimp, P. pugio, regardless of parasite presence, and parasitized shrimp may be more susceptible to lower doses of resmethrin (when exposed in the field).     

联苯菊酯暴露对雌性褐菖鲉卵巢发育的影响及其毒性机制

联苯菊酯是农业、园林等领域应用广泛的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,然而有关联苯菊酯对鱼类生殖毒性的研究却很少。以常见的近海鱼类褐菖鲉为受试对象,探讨联苯菊酯对鱼类卵巢发育的影响及机制。褐菖鲉在以环境相关浓度(1、10、100 ng·L~(-1))的联苯菊酯暴露50 d后,各暴露组卵巢生殖细胞发育均受到显著抑制,卵巢17β-雌二醇与睾酮含量均出现下降,caspase-3活性呈剂量依赖性上升。相对定量PCR分析显示,卵巢雌激素受体(ERβ)mRNA水平下降。结果表明,联苯菊酯诱导细胞产生凋亡,导致雌、雄激素水平和雌激素受体表达下降,环境剂量作用下对褐菖鲉卵巢发育具有显著影响。     

基于改性石墨烯固相萃取-液相色谱法测定联苯菊酯

以石墨粉末为原料通过Hummers法逐步合成磁性胺基化石墨烯(Fe3O4-NH2-G),分别用扫描电镜和FTIR对其表面形貌和化学结构进行表征,并对Fe3O4-NH2-G用于实际样品中联苯菊酯的吸附性能进行了研究.以高效液相色谱为检测手段,对洗脱液和淋洗液的选择、萃取时间和洗脱时间、离子强度、溶液p H、吸附剂总量等相关参数进行优化.实验结果表明,用1%乙酸乙腈溶液做洗脱液,50%甲醇水溶液作为淋洗液,吸附时间洗脱时间都是20 min,溶液p H值为7,不加Na Cl时吸附效果最好.在293 K下改性石墨烯的平衡吸附量136 mg·g-1.实验表明最优条件下检出限达到1.7 ng·m L-1,线性范围为0.005—10μg·m L-1,方法对实际样品的加标回收率91.8%—101.6%,可应用于痕量联苯菊酯的测定.该实验研究表明Fe3O4-NH2-G对联苯菊酯有很好的吸附能力.     

Simultaneous biodegradation of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas sp. CB2

The degradation of bifenthrin (BF) and chlorpyrifos (CP), either together or individually, by a bacterial strain (CB2) isolated from activated sludge was investigated. Strain CB2 was identified as belonging to genus Pseudomonas based on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and a homological analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. Strain CB2 has the potential to degrade BF and CP, either individually or in a mixture. The optimum conditions for mixture degradation were as follows: OD_600nm = 0.5; incubation temperature = 30°C; pH = 7.0; BF-CP mixture (10 mg L^?1 of each). Under these optimal conditions, the degradation rate constants (and half-lives) were 0.4308 d^?1 (1.61 d) and 0.3377 d^?1 (2.05 d) for individual BF and CP samples, respectively, and 0.3463 d^?1 (2.00 d) and 0.2931 d^?1 (2.36 d) for the BF-CP mixture. Major metabolites of BF and CP were 2-methyl-3-biphenylyl methanol and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, respectively. No metabolite bioaccumulation was observed. The ability of CB2 to efficiently degrade BF and CP, particularly in a mixture, may be useful in bioremediation efforts.