EM菌强化SBR处理生活污水的试验研究

研究了EM-SBR处理生活污水的工艺特征和EM菌的最佳投加周期.结果表明:EM-SBR反应器在非限制性曝气方式下处理低浓度生活污水,有机负荷宜控制在0.22～0.40kgCODCr/kgMLSS·d,氨氮负荷宜控制在0.030kgNH3-N/kgMLSS·d以下,泥龄可控制在5～28d之间.EM菌的最佳投加周期为15个周期.     

微生物菌剂的研究与开发现状

本文从高效菌种的选育、微生物菌剂的配制、开发现状等三个方面综述了微生物生物强化技术中菌剂的研究与开发现状。     

Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles supported onto natural clinoptilolite

The antimicrobial activity of Cu₂O, ZnO and NiO nanoparticles supported onto natural clinoptilolite was investigated in the secondary effluent under dark conditions. After 24 h of contact the Cu₂O and ZnO nanoparticles reduced the numbers of viable bacterial cells of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in pure culture for four to six orders of magnitude and showed consistent 100% of antibacterial activity against native E. coli after 1 h of contact during 48 exposures. The antibacterial activity of NiO nanoparticles was less efficient. The Cu₂O and NiO nanoparticles showed 100% of antiprotozoan activity against Paramecium caudatum and Euplotes affinis after 1 h of contact, while ZnO nanoparticles were less efficient. The morphology and crystallinity of the nanoparticles were not affected by microorganisms. The metal oxide nanoparticles could find a novel application in the disinfection of secondary effluent and removal of pathogenic microorganisms in the tertiary stage of wastewater treatment.     

Dynamic of functional microbial groups during mesophilic composting of agro-industrial wastes and free-living (N2)-fixing bacteria application

Although several reports are available concerning the composition and dynamics of the microflora during the composting of municipal solid wastes, little is known about the microbial diversity during the composting of agro-industrial refuse. For this reason, the first parts of this study included the quantification of microbial generic groups and of the main functional groups of C and N cycle during composting of agro-industrial refuse. After a generalized decrease observed during the initial phases, a new bacterial growth was observed in the final phase of the process. Ammonifiers and (N₂)-fixing aerobic groups predominated outside of the piles whereas, nitrate-reducing group increased inside the piles during the first 23 days of composting. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), showed an opposite trend of growth since ammonia oxidation decreased with the increase of the nitrite oxidation activity. Pectinolytics, amylolytics and aerobic cellulolytic were present in greater quantities and showed an upward trend in both the internal and external part of the heaps.Several free-living (N₂)-fixing bacteria were molecularly identify as belonging especially to uncommon genera of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Alcaligenes, Achromobacter and Caulobacter. They were investigated for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen to employ as improvers of quality of compost. Some strains of Azotobacter chrococcum and Azotobacter salinestris were also tested. When different diazotrophic bacterial species were added in compost, the increase of total N ranged from 16% to 27% depending on the selected microbial strain being used. Such microorganisms may be used alone or in mixtures to provide an allocation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in soil.     

Microorganisms for remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils

An alternative to the cleaning-up of agricultural soil contaminated by heavy metals is to avoid their transfer from soil to plant by inoculating soil with selected microorganisms able to biosorb heavy metals. Here, four bacteria species and a fungus isolated from contaminated soils revealed their ability to grow in the presence of high cadmium level. We tested their growth capacity related to pH and Cd concentration on synthetic and soil extract media. The comparison of their growth rate, the biosorbed cadmium rate and the specific biosorption allowed to select the most efficient microorganism to be used in bioremediation.     

微生物与重金属的相互作用

从多方面概述了微生物与重金属的相互作用，重点描述了微生物对重金属的抗生和解毒作用，最后介绍了该研究领域发展前景。     

乐果对土壤中酶活性和微生物数量的影响

农药对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响，已成为不少国家评价农药使用安全性的重要指标，该文就乐果对土壤中酶活性及微生物数量的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明，乐果对土壤中酸性磷酸酶的影响较大，中性磷酸酶受影响小些；脱氢酶的变化趋势虽与酸性磷酸酶相仿，而受影响程度更大些；乐果对土壤微生物数量的变化影响不大。总之，乐果对土壤微生物及酶活性有一定抑制作用，但恢复较快，这有利于乐果在土壤中的降解。     

微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展

大量研究表明利用微生物对环境中有机磷农药的净化处理是行之有效的.文章将从有机磷农药降解菌的分离、基因工程菌的构建以及降解机理等几个方面阐述微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展,并概括了微生物降解有机磷农药的几个主要的研究方向.揭示了微生物降解有机磷农药的途径,该成果对控制和消除有机磷农药的污染,促进农业丰收将起到积极作用.     

高效纤维素降解菌的筛选

比较研究了刚果红脱色、滤纸崩解等几种纤维素分解菌筛选方法，并从腐木、腐竹、腐叶等样品中筛选获得4株高效纤维意降解菌，其中细菌1株(嗜纤维菌属)，真菌3株(木霉菌属)。该细菌可在4d内将滤纸平板完全降解为枯质。通过改变酶解条件，确定Z—2为进一步优化对象，并进行了相应的单因子优化实验，初步确定其量佳产酶条件为：培养温度30℃，初始pH4．5，不含尿素，GLC和纤维意含量分别为0.4％和0．6％。     

人工快速渗滤系统对污染物的去除机制

人工快速渗滤系统(CRI)是在传统的污水快速渗滤处理系统(RI)的基础上发展起来的一种新型的污水土地处理技术.通过对CRI的模拟,揭示了非生物机制与生物机制对有机物、营养元素的降解机制.结果表明,CRI对污水中污染物的去除是在非生物机制与生物机制协同作用下完成的.对污水中的有机物和氮的降解以生物机制为主、非生物机制为辅;对磷的降解则以非生物机制为主、生物机制为辅.生物机制对有机物、氮的去除占70%以上,非生物机制对磷的去除占61.9%.系统中氮转化以硝化效果为主,反硝化效果较弱.