粘土矿物与重金属界面反应的研究进展

介绍了3种粘土吸附剂：蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石对重金属的吸附、脱附等界面反应机理，以及粘土矿物对重金属的选择性及对吸附的影响因素。另外，还探讨了为提高其吸附性能而进行的改性方法。     

Effects of clay minerals on Cr(VI) reduction by organic compounds

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of clayminerals (illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite) on chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction by several low molecular weightorganic compounds. Batch experiments at pH ranging from 3.0 to6.0 and 25 °C showed that 2:1 layered clays illite andsmectite catalyzed Cr(VI) reduction by oxalate. The catalyticeffect increased as pH was decreased. The 1:1 clay kaolinite hadno catalytic effect under comparable conditions. Direct Cr(VI)reduction by reactive moieties associated with illite andmontmorillonite was observed, but at a much slower rate than thecatalytic pathway. Cr(VI) reduction by glyoxylic acid, glycolicacid, lactic acid, and mandelic acid was accelerated by illite,although aqueous phase reduction might occur in parallel. Theseresults suggest that Cr(VI) reduction rates in subsurfaceenvironments rich in organic compounds may be elevated throughcatalysis of surface-bound metals and/or soluble species from theclay minerals, and as a result, higher than those expected fromaqueous phase reaction alone. Such rate enhancement for Cr(VI)reduction needs to be accounted for when developing new remedialtechniques for chromium site remediation or assessing its naturalattenuation.     

纳米伊/蒙黏土对水体中重金属的吸附去除效果

为明确纳米伊/蒙黏土(下称伊/蒙黏土)作为修复材料在去除水体重金属方面的应用潜力,研究了伊/蒙黏土对水体中Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的去除效果与吸附规律,并通过小麦水培试验分析伊/蒙黏土降低水体重金属在小麦地上部分的累积和缓解重金属对小麦的毒害效应等效果. 结果表明:伊/蒙黏土可以吸附去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,当水体中ρ(Ni2+)、ρ(Cu2+)和ρ(Cd2+)分别为5、10、2 mg/L时,添加2%(以w计)的伊/蒙黏土对3种重金属的去除率均达到95%以上. 伊/蒙黏土对重金属的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的理论最大吸附量分别为2.13、8.52和1.56 mg/g. 在培养液中添加2%伊/蒙黏土可降低小麦对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的累积富集,缓解重金属对小麦生长的毒害效应. 研究显示,纳米伊/蒙黏土可有效去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,并缓解其对小麦的毒性,因此其在修复水体重金属污染、恢复水环境生态功能方面具有潜在的应用前景.      

牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配改良剂对土壤中Cd的钝化效果

农田土壤Cd污染是我国最为突出的环境问题之一,开展新型钝化修复Cd污染土壤材料的研究和技术开发对保障农产品安全及保护人体健康具有重要意义.以北京某蔬菜生产基地设施大棚Cd污染土壤为试验对象,温室条件下采用盆栽试验,研究牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土复合组配的改良剂对Cd污染土壤的钝化效果,探讨不同配比的组配改良剂对土壤Cd有效态含量以及小白菜Cd吸收量的影响.结果表明:在污染土壤中添加1%、2%和5%的组配改良剂,可明显降低土壤有效态Cd含量及小白菜对Cd的吸收,土壤有效态Cd含量降幅最大值达42.3%,小白菜地上部分Cd含量降幅最大值达22.7%,组配改良剂中骨炭成分比例越高,钝化效果越好,尤其以添加5%组配改良剂（添加组配改良剂中牛骨炭含量为50%）对Cd的稳定化效果最佳,且不同组配改良剂处理均不会对小白菜生长产生不良影响,表明牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配的改良剂在修复Cd污染土壤上具有较好的应用潜力.研究显示,牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配的改良剂符合绿色修复技术的发展要求,可作为钝化修复农田重金属污染土壤的环保新材料.      

粘土矿物与重金属界面反应的研究进展

介绍了3种粘土吸附剂:蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石对重金属的吸附、脱附等界面反应机理,以及粘土矿物对重金属的选择性及对吸附的影响因素.另外,还探讨了为提高其吸附性能而进行的改性方法.