基于SOF-FTIR方法走航观测南京市重点区域特征挥发性有机物

介绍了污染源挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放的常用监测方法,以及基于红外掩日通量-傅里叶变换红外光谱(SOF-FTIR)的走航观测系统结构与测试原理。以2014年南京青奥会期间对一些重点区域VOCs的走航观测为例,提出了借鉴前期现状调查结果,结合手工采样分析,确定特征目标组分的监测方案。观测结果表明,该方法在柱浓度监测和排放总量核算方面具有一定优势,不足之处在于受日照条件、走航速度和路况、地面风速限制,测量时需避开不利因素影响。     

光学气体成像技术在泄漏检测与维修中的应用研究

通过介绍光学气体成像技术的原理、泄漏检测与维修关键技术、甲烷气体泄漏检测与识别实验情况,讨论了该技术在石化生产过程中的应用发展趋势。     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

Dyes adsorption using a synthetic carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylic acid adsorbent

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

含油污泥石油类测定方法研究

文章采用四氯化碳120 min振荡提取,用红外分光光度法,能够较为准确地测定出油田含油污泥中石油类的含量,采用硅酸镁多次吸咐,能有效去除色度和浊度的干扰。经验证,当石油类含量在74.5~1 456.6 mg/kg时,相对标准偏差为0.95%~8.66%,加标回收率为84.7%~108.8%,精密度、准确度均满足实验要求。     

污染土壤中铅的测定方法比对

采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS法)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES法)和X-荧光光谱法(XRF法)分别测定污染土壤中的铅,并对检出限、精密度、准确度等指标进行了比对。结果表明,3种方法均能满足质量控制的要求,测定结果之间无显著性差异; 3种方法中ICP-OES法和XRF法可同时测定多元素,但XRF法更快速简便。     

生活垃圾催化热解液体产物特性

为探索生活垃圾催化热解液体产物特性变化规律,选取Na2CO3、CaO、Fe2O33种催化剂,利用固定床实验、红外分析(FT-IR)进行生活垃圾热解液体产物产率和组分特性研究.结果表明,热解终温600℃无催化剂时,生活垃圾热解液产率为39.80 wt％,添加3种催化剂后热解液产率均降低;生活垃圾分别添加1％的Na2CO3和CaO后,热解油氧含量由22.49％分别降低到20.12％和18.53％,低位热值由30.30 MJ/kg分别提高到33.79和32.74 MJ/kg;无催化剂时热解油成分为脂肪类、含氧化合物及少量芳香类混合物,加催化剂后热解油中芳香类物质峰面积比例显著增加,而含氧化合物峰面积比例降低,羟基类及羧酸类含氧化合物峰面积比例明显减少,其他含氧物峰面积比例却增加;CaO催化效果较明显,生活垃圾添加1％的CaO热解油中芳香类物质峰面积比例从4.36％增加到29.46％,含氧化合物峰面积比例由49.42％降低到23.12％,其中羟基类和羧酸类化合物峰面积比例分别由34.03％和10.65％降低到0.00％和3.34％,其他含氧化合物峰面积比例由4.73％增加到19.77％.     

一种基于纹理特征的主动红外烟雾识别方法

视频图像火灾探测技术因其探测效率高、响应速度快等优点而被广泛应用,但普通摄像机无法拍摄零照度(黑暗)甚至低照度环境下的烟雾图像。而火灾发生时往往先产生烟雾,若能实现火灾早期的烟气探测将有利于预防火灾规模的扩大和人员财产的损失。利用红外摄像机结合红外发射灯来成像以完成对火灾的探测,具体探测过程为:首先利用中值滤波去除原始灰度图像中的噪声;其次利用三帧差分法提取烟雾前景;然后通过Local Binary Patterns与灰度共生矩阵分别获取烟雾纹理的局部和统计特征;最后将烟雾纹理特征输入Fisher分类器以识别烟雾与非烟雾(如水汽、飞尘等),并及时发出报警信号。设计有无环境风和人为干扰环境下的烟雾与水汽试验,利用烟雾运动的不规则性与扩散性、图像的Gabor特征、LBP尺度验证所用纹理特征。结果表明,从分类正确率和响应时间看,在低照度环境下所用纹理特征优于其他烟雾特征法。另外,通过调节相机与火源之间的距离,可得到应用于实际工程的红外摄像机最佳安装距离。