基于模糊影响图方法的库存弹药事故概率分析

针对库存弹药安全的特殊性,在分析国内外库存弹药典型事故案例的基础上,指出FTA、ETA等传统概率计算方法存在的局限。提出一种基于模糊影响图(FID)的库存弹药事故概率分析方法,并对FID模型的构建过程和算法进行概述;以弹药被盗事故作为实例分析,并得到事故概率分布图和累积概率曲线。结果表明,FID的算法理论及建模过程能较好地克服FTA、ETA等传统方法的局限性,实例分析指出弹药被盗事故在10-4数量级的隶属度最高,且事故发生概率更趋向于10-3～10-1数量级,从而得到一旦仓库安全防范措施不到位,就很有可能发生弹药被盗事故的结论。     

气相色谱法测定大气中的丙酮、甲醇、甲苯

：使用经1．0％KOH-CH3OH处理过的405白色硅藻土担体，涂渍10％PEG-20000固定液，填充φ3mm＊3m的不锈钢色谱柱，在气相色谱仪上可直接进气体样品分析，经色谱柱分离，以FID为检测器，可以准确地测出空气工业废气中的丙酮、甲醇、甲苯，以保留时问定性，峰高定量。     

油种指示物（指标）的研究

从油种、实验误差以及风化的影响对中国常见油种鉴别进行了探讨，确定了油种GC-FID指标物。结果表明，油种指示物在环境中保持着本身的一些固有特性，受实验误差和风化的影响较小。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定汽油类有机物

采用吹扫-捕集富集、DB624毛细管柱分离，气相色谱FID检测汽油类化合物，使用4-溴氟苯代用品标准作为质量控制物质，保证了测定全过程处于受控之中。该法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系，应用于实际样品的分析，水样中汽油检测限0．04mg／L，土样的汽油检测限为2．2mg／kg。回收率在92％～105％之间。相对标准差为2．5％,分析结果令人满意。     

Determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in Chinese fuels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detector

A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline,diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.     

改进GC/FID法连续观测大气中CO浓度

改进装配有氢火焰离子化检测器(即FID)的气相色谱仪(GC),可连续监测大气中痕量气体CO浓度.本系统采用单阀双柱反吹进样技术,优选前置柱能更有效地剔除杂质,提高了分析柱效率,保持色谱基线平稳,提高分辨率和定量分析的准确率.优化后的气路设计与色谱柱的改进,使GC/FID对CO的最低检出限达到10×10-9、精密度误差小于2%,准确度在±2%之内.将气相色谱与动态气体稀释仪耦合使系统能够自动进行工作曲线校准,系统自动采样、分析和标定,无需人员职守.对北京大气CO连续观测结果表明,北京大气CO浓度变化受气象要素与排放源双重控制.     

Effect of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice soil in north India

Physiological changes in crop plants in response to the elevated tropospheric ozone (O₃) may alter N and C cycles in soil. This may also affect the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of radiatively important greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from soil. A study was carried out during July to November of 2007 and 2008 in the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil. Rice crop was grown in open top chambers (OTC) under elevated ozone (EO), non-filtered air (NF), charcoal filtered air (CF) and ambient air (AA). Seasonal mean concentrations of O₃ were 4.3 ± 0.9, 26.2 ± 1.9, 59.1 ± 4.2 and 27.5 ± 2.3 ppb during year 2007 and 5.9 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 2.5, 69.7 ± 3.9 and 39.2 ± 1.8 ppb during year 2008 for treatments CF, NF, EO and AA, respectively. Cumulative seasonal CH₄ emission reduced by 29.7% and 40.4% under the elevated ozone (EO) compared to the non-filtered air (NF), whereas the emission increased by 21.5% and 16.7% in the charcoal filtered air (CF) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cumulative seasonal emission of N₂O ranged from 47.8 mg m⁻² in elevated ozone to 54.6 mg m⁻² in charcoal filtered air in 2007 and from 46.4 to 62.1 mg m⁻² in 2008. Elevated ozone reduced grain yield by 11.3% and 12.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) per unit of rice yield was the least under elevated ozone levels. Dissolved organic C content of soil was lowest under the elevated ozone treatment. Decrease in availability of substrate i.e., dissolved organic C under elevated ozone resulted in a decline in GHG emissions. Filtration of ozone from ambient air increased grain yield and growth parameters of rice and emission of GHGs.     

空气中氯苯类、异戊烯醇和贲亭酸甲酯定量监测方法初探

为了顺应沿江开发战略,沿江地区设立了多个化学工业园。随着因区企业的陆续建成投产,在不利气象条件下化工园排放的有机污染物异味扰民时有发生。严重影响化工园周边地区群众的生活。某化学工业园废气特异指标氯苯类、贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇是异味的主要来源,其相应的监测分析方法氯苯类国内有标准方法,贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇国内未见报道。为了掌握第一手监测数据资料,笔者对某化学工业因特异指标氯苯类、贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇的监测分析方法进行了探索,获得了一种简便可行的定量监测分析方法。此方法使用活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解析和GC—FID（气相色谱-氢火焰光度法）分析一并完成3个化舍物的分析,简单快捷、成本低廉,可供参考。     

2007年夏季北京大气CO检测分析

采用经过改进的装配有氧火焰离子化检测器(FID)的气相色谱仪(GC),配合自动进样、分析和标定系统,以10min一次的采样频率,于2007年7月-9月,在中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔分部连续采样,监测北京大气CO浓度变化.结果表明,北京城市大气CO浓度日变化呈双峰型,两峰值出现的时间分别为7:00-8:00和23:00-24:00,浓度分别达3.66×10-6V/V和4.92×10-6V/V.北京大气CO的浓度变化受源排放强度和气象要素共同影响.机动车限行,对降低大气CO的浓度效果明显,但天气过程对CO的清除作用也不可忽视.