基于加权叠加模型的高原湖泊流域重要生态用地识别——以星云湖流域为例

生态用地在维持区域生态平衡和保障区域生态安全具有重要意义。以云南星云湖流域为研究区,运用层次分析法和GIS技术,从水土保持、地质灾害规避与防护、生物多样性保护和水资源安全4个方面,构建了流域重要生态用地识别指标及其识别方法,并识别出流域重要生态用地空间分布。结果表明:(1)加权叠加模型更适用于高原湖泊流域重要生态用地识别;(2)根据生态用地重要性分为核心型、辅助型、过渡型和非重要生态用地,面积分别为75.98 km~2、105.05 km~2、89.47 km~2和65.11 km~2,分别占流域生态用地总面积的22.64%、31.30%、26.66%和19.40%。识别结果能较好地反映重要生态用地维护流域的生态安全。以星云湖流域作为高原湖泊流域的典型,为高原湖泊生态保护提供科学方向,以期协调流域经济发展与生态保护的矛盾,促进可持续发展。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告必须阐明的内容

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告是检验建设方落实环保“三同时”制度的技术手段,也是环保部门依法管理的技术支撑和依据,竣工验收监测报告除遵循行业技术规范要求外,建设内容变更、环保设施落实、污染物排放及总量、环境质量影响等成为不可或缺的重要内容,需要逐一阐述明确。     

Association analysis of accident factors in petrochemical storage tank farms

In order to identify and clarify the association between the factors leading to accidents in a petrochemical tank area, this study analyzes investigation reports of 212 petrochemical tank farm accidents and combines this with the “association rule” mining and science related to complex networks. The main risk factors are determined and a risk factor data set is constructed; 75 association rules are extracted from the factor data set based on the Apriori algorithm. Then the obtained association rules are used to construct an accident factors network of the petrochemical storage tank area, and the topology characteristics of the network are further analyzed to reveal the importance of factors. Factors with large node degree, betweenness, and clustering coefficients are obtained, such as “violation of operating regulations”, “high concentration of flammable gas in the air”, “lack of experience and professional skills”, etc. These factors play an important role in the formation and development of accidents. The results also show that the accident cause network of the petrochemical storage tank area has a small average shortest path length and a large cluster coefficient, indicating a relatively close connection between the accident factors. The contributions of this study is not only extracting the hidden relationships among contributory factors to tank farm accidents using association analysis, but also revealing which factors are more important for the tank farm safety through the complex network.     

农业文化遗产保护目标下农户生计状况分析

农户生计是农业文化遗产认定标准之一,也是影响农业文化遗产保护与传承的关键因素,在贫困地区,遗产保护与农户脱贫的两难困境更为突出。本研究基于可持续生计理论和分析框架,以全球重要农业文化遗产地——云南红河哈尼稻作梯田为案例区域,通过生计资本指标体系构建和量化,对比分析了不同生计途径农户的生计状况。评估结果发现,农户的生计资本均值为2.312,生计资本处于匮乏状态,金融资本值最低,而文化资本值最高。从事农业和打工是当前农户的主要生计途径,旅游接待成为生计拓展的重要形式。三类农户生计资本值和家庭年均收入排序相同,都表现为旅游接待户打工兼业户纯农业户,纯农业户的生计状况最差。从单项生计资本看,旅游接待户和打工兼业户的人力资本显著高于纯农业户,物质资本和金融资本比较中,旅游接待户显著高于其他两类农户,说明人力资本越丰富的农户越可能倾向于兼业,农户开展旅游接待需要较高的物质和金融资本作为基础。这意味着,农业文化遗产保护要大力提高农户的农业经营收益,延长农业的价值链和产业链,完善农村金融市场,开展旅游接待培训,从人力、金融等多方面改善农户生计资本状况,实现生计途径拓展。     

Integrating fast feedback and GIS to plan for important agricultural land designations in Kauai County,Hawaii

With increased affluence worldwide, planning for and preserving land for agriculture and conservation have become important goals in many communities. In Hawaii, the identification and designation of Important Agricultural Land (IAL) was first proposed at the 1978 Hawaii Constitutional Convention and approved by voters the same year. The state is required to conserve and protect agricultural lands, promote diversified agriculture, increase agricultural self-sufficiency, and assure the availability of agriculturally suitable lands. Act 183 in 2005 extended these efforts by defining IAL. The law established eight criteria to evaluate IAL and created county-led and landowner-initiated processes for designating IAL. It also specified policies for promoting agricultural production and identified landowner incentives for the designation of IAL. A central challenge facing policymakers is how to operationalize and implement these land use policies. This paper describes methods used to operationalize Act 183. We use fast feedback (i-Clicker technology) devices for capturing stakeholder preferences and geographic information systems and community mapping to visualize policy impacts and integrate community feedback. The methods developed in this paper have broad applications to jurisdictions around the world looking for data-driven approaches to planning and designating land uses according to legislative mandates or administrative requirements.     

浅谈石油化工厂重要环境因素的评价

以石油化工厂为例，从评价重要环境因素的四个步骤入手，通过对PTA装置环境因素的分析，运用综合方法确定其重要环境因素。     

制定ISO14000系列标准国家方案的几个重要问题

ＩＳＯ１４０００系列标准以生命周期评价理论和方法标准为基础，推出了环境管理体系与环境标志等国际环境管理标准，反映出现代环境意识引导下的双绿色发展模式，并成为可持续发展道路的重要组成部分。