Persistence of diflubenzuron and bay sir 8514 in natural and sterile sandy loam and organic soils

Abstract

Disappearance rates of 10 ppm technical diflubenzuron (N(((4‐chloro‐phenyl)amino)carbonyl)‐2,6‐diflurobenzamide, Dimilin^®) and BAY SIR 8514 (2‐chloro‐N(((4‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl)amino)carbonyl)benzamide) applied on quartz sand to natural sandy loam and muck soils were significantly greater than for the corresponding sterilized soils, e.g. 47–51% vs. 68–87% BAY SIR 8514 and 2–12% vs. 80–87% diflubenzuron remaining at 12 wk, indicating that soil microorganisms play a major role in their degradation. Kinetic analysis of the data based on a first order dependence on the insecticide concentration showed that the rate constants for these disappearance reactions decreased with time.     

壳聚糖及其应用

壳聚糖为甲壳素脱乙酰化的产物,其应用研究已取得较大进展,并且已有相当部分进入实用阶段或商品化阶段.壳聚糖的应用面广,它在生物学、医学领域以及食品、化妆品、环保、纺织、印染、造纸等工业上均有较大的应用价值.介绍了近几年壳聚糖在生物学、医学和环保等领域的应用前景,以推动对它的深入研究和利用,从而开辟出更新、更广阔的应用领域.     

L-半胱氨酸改性甲壳素处理含铅、镉工业废水

研究了L 半胱氨酸改性甲壳素作为吸附剂对Pb2 + 、Cd2 + 的动态吸附性能 ,同时考察了流速、溶液中离子的含量、吸附剂的相对用量等因素对吸附效果的影响 ,以及洗脱液的种类和酸度、洗脱速度、洗脱液体积等因素对解吸率的影响。结果表明 ,用该吸附剂填装的吸附柱对含Pb2 + 、Cd2 + 工业废水直接进行处理 ,处理后的水达到了排放标准。     

甲壳素资源综合利用现状与对策

甲壳素是一种重要的再生资源。本文介绍了目前国内外甲壳素资源综合利用的现状及其发展趋势,并从科技进步的角度出发,结合国家现行科技政策、管理体制,以及水产资源的开发和利用等若干问题提出对策分析.     

Adsorption of Reactive Dye on Chitin

The adsorption of reactive dye on chitin has been investigated with a view to obtain the design data for batch processing of effluents for dye adsorption. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH have been elicited. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.     

巯基酯化壳聚糖的合成及对 Cd2 +的去除性能研究简

采用化学方法，研究了以巯基甲壳质制备巯基酯化壳聚糖的最佳合成方案。研究表明，巯基甲壳质的脱乙酰条件（包括时间、温度、氢氧化钠浓度）影响其产物巯基酯化壳聚糖对重金属镉离子的吸附效果。当脱乙酰时间为2 h，温度为160℃，氢氧化钠浓度为20%时，20 mg的合成产物对30 mL Cd²⁺浓度为20 mg/L水样的去除率最高，达到85.46%，其对镉离子的吸附量达到28.5 mg/g。通过对产物进行红外分析发现，巯基甲壳质中出现脂基特征峰值，脱乙酰后脂基并没有消失，证明最后的产物为巯基酯化壳聚糖。     

Chitin biodegradation and wound healing in tree bark tissues

Chitin biodegradation and wounded bark tissue healing were demonstrated in several evergreen and deciduous trees by dressing with a sheet of chitin-containing films or sponges. Chitinase activities in the tree bark tissues around the wounds were enhanced by this treatment up to four times those of the untreated wounds. Significant seasonal changes of chitinase activities were observed with the bark and leaf tissues of deciduous trees, but few with those of evergreen trees. A sheet of chitin films implanted or dressed in the tree bark tissues was biodegraded within 4 to 24 weeks after implantation and was assimilated into the wounded bark tissues, resulting in the stimulation of the wounded bark tissue healing.     

甲壳素及壳聚糖的制备与利用

本文综述了从水产加工废弃物虾、蟹壳中制取甲壳素和壳聚糖的方法。简要介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖及其衍生物的开发应用现状,供有关方面充分利用甲壳素资源参考。     

甲壳素和壳聚糖在水处理中的应用

介绍了天然有机高分子化合物——甲壳素和壳聚糖的制备、化学结构和特性，阐述了其在水处理中的应用及发展前景。甲壳素和壳聚糖的来源广泛，其性能优良、无毒、无公害、可生物降解，可用作吸附剂、絮凝剂、分离膜材料、离子交换剂和杀菌剂，是一类非常有开发利用前景的新型水处理材料。     

新型材料甲壳素及其衍生物的应用进展

甲壳素是地球上仅次于纤维素的最丰富的天然聚合物,我国虾,蟹及其他甲壳质资源丰富;甲壳素有广阔的应用前景,如果说20世纪80年代是塑料时代,生活中到处可以见到塑料制品,那么,可以预言,进入21世纪,就将开始甲壳素时代,生活中到处可以见到甲壳素制品。 近10多年来,甲壳素的研究非常活跃,甲壳素和壳聚糖应用的竞争已经开始。为了变废为宝,加速甲壳素和壳聚糖的应用开发研究,本文较全面的介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖的应用。