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Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR. 相似文献
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研究放电等离子体灭活大肠杆菌的效果。采用远程氧等离子体反应器,分别考察探究放电功率、处理时间、氧气流量、远程距离及有机污染物对灭菌效果的影响,并观察灭菌前后大肠杆菌的显微结构。结果表明在100W,60s,40cm3/min条件下,远程氧等离子体的杀菌效果值在距放电区0、20、40cm处分别为3.42、3.38和3.32。有机物浓度升高,灭菌效果急剧下降。结论为氧等离子体在距放电区040cm内均能有效灭活大肠杆菌,但有机污染物影响较大。氧等离子体场中高能粒子的刻蚀作用是导致细菌死亡的主要原因。 相似文献
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提高污泥碱性发酵挥发酸积累的新方法 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
为了加大剩余污泥在碱性条件下的水解酸化程度,本研究尝试了两种新的能促进污泥碱性发酵产酸的方式,分别是向批式的污泥碱性发酵系统中投加未灭菌发酵污泥和投加灭菌发酵污泥,结合温度的影响(10℃和35℃)分别考察了这两种方式对污泥水解酸化效果的影响.结果表明,中温有利于水解酶和产酸菌作用的发挥,增大了污泥的水解酸化程度,体系内有明显的挥发酸(VFAs)积累.35℃条件下,两种方式都在很大程度上促进了新鲜污泥的水解酸化程度,经灭菌后的发酵污泥的投加较等量的未灭菌的发酵污泥的投加效果更为显著.前者的水解速率是后者的2倍,发酵末期酸积累量为后者的1.5倍,且前者在较长的发酵时间内VFAs含量维持恒定.分析两种方式能促进污泥水解酸化的原因得到:未灭菌发酵污泥的投加是向系统中引入了一定量的产酸菌,灭菌发酵污泥的投加引入了大量的较易水解的有机底物.水解产物的增加能在更大程度上影响产酸的效果.因此,中温条件下向污泥碱性发酵系统中投加经灭菌处理后的发酵污泥是提高剩余污泥发酵产酸量更为有效的方式. 相似文献
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《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):561-571
Microbial inhibitors such as mercuric chloride are frequently used to sterilize soil or soil–water slurries in experimental studies on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment. This study examined the influence of mercuric chloride additions to soil–water slurries on the sorptive behaviour of a phenoxy herbicide (2,4-D) in soil. The results demonstrated that mercuric chloride strongly decreased the capacity of the soil to retain herbicides, and that the interference of mercuric chloride with herbicide sorption increased with increasing soil organic carbon contents. Because of the competitive sorption between mercuric chloride and the phenoxy herbicide, we conclude that mercuric chloride may not be a good soil sterilization procedure for use in xenobiotic fate studies. 相似文献
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目的制备新型的光催化复合材料,提高其光催化性能。方法通过水热法和原位生长法制备不同摩尔比的AgBr/Ag_2MoO_4@AgVO_3光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等一系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行表征,并以可见光为光源,有机污染物罗丹明B(RhB)为降解对象,进行光催化活性测试,考察不同复合量的光催化剂对反应活性的影响。同时,以铜绿假单胞菌细胞、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为模式菌,进行抗菌试验考察光催化剂的杀菌性能。结果该复合材料通过AgVO_3的(501)晶面、Ag_2MoO_4的(311)面和AgBr的(200)晶面紧密连接。在罗丹明B(RhB)溶液中加入该复合材料,120 min内降解率达到了94.9%,而纯AgVO_3的降解率为7.8%,说明复合后的材料光催化性能明显提高。此外,在光催化杀菌实验中,超过99.99%的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌细胞均在90 min内被杀死。结论复合后的AgBr/Ag_2MoO_4@AgVO_3异质结光催化剂具有优异的光催化降解性能、杀菌性能和稳定性,该催化剂对于环境污染的治理以及海洋杀菌防污处理都起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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