生态活度生态位--理论、方法及其应用

“生态活度生态位（Eco-vigor Niche）”是对生态位概念和理论的发展．它描述区域生态系统中一个占据特定空间位置的复合生态系统单元（或景观斑块）．在与其它单元相互作用过程中所形成的相对地位与作用。在由自然生态活度坐标和社会经济生态活度坐标构成的二维空间中．生态活度生态位可以用二维空间中的矢量表达。该矢量的“长度”意味着,生态系统单元的资源优势程度与提供生态服务的能力;矢量的“方向”则意味着该生态系统单元所具有的．由其社会经济生态活度和自然生态活度相比较而体现出来的属性．反映出该单元在区域复合生态系统中的性质和角色。“生态活度生态位”可以表达区域生态系统内的空间分异特征。反映各生态单元在区域内扮演的角色．判断各单元在区域生态系统中的功能定位．为生态区划、生态规划、土地利用规划等提供依据。     

城市生态规划的理论与方法

综述城市土地利用生态规划和城市生态系统对策规划的状况，分析并提出了城市生态规划的两种类型，即生态规划方法和城市生态系统水平上进行的生态对策规划，并对这两种生态规划的发展进行了探讨。     

On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability-Case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai,China

The background, concept, connotation, principles, and methods of eco-planning for an Eco-Demonstration Park (EDP) and sustainability were examined based on a case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China, which is an important part of Shanghai Eco-city planning and construction in the 21st century. By analyzing natural, social and economic conditions, calculating population using the land capacity eco-model, eco-function zoning, and eco-construction, an innovative eco-industrial structure and technical chain were formulated. A comprehensive eco-planning scheme for the EDP was proposed, including planning and management strategies for subsystems of efficient industry, good quality human settlement, high standard eco-construction and eco-tourism as well as effective environmental protection and attractive landscape. The EDP should be an area with coordinated and sustainable economic, social and environmental subsystems. Eco-planning for the EDP should be a very important part of eco-city planning and sustainability. The paper aims to set up a theoretical framework and practical basis for eco-planning and promoting harmony between human and nature.     

Application of ecosystem health cost-effect analysis in eco-planning in Guangzhou City,China

Ecosystem health has been a focal point and research frontier of applied ecology in recent years, increasingly used in urban ecological studies. To quantify the effect of ecological improvement from eco-planning, an ecosystem health assessment method is used in eco-planning evaluation and decision support in the urban eco-planning research of Guangzhou City of China. Based on features of an urban ecosystem, five factors such as vigor, organizational structure, resilience, ability to maintain ecosystem service, and influence on people’s health were selected to develop the assessment indicator system. Then, to evaluate the validity of planning measures, a cost-effect analysis of the different scenarios on eco-planning was made, taking investment of the planned projects as the cost and ecosystem health state after implementing the scenarios as the effect. To establish priority of all the proposed planning schemes or countermeasures, variation of the ecosystem health state was evaluated when the investment of eco-environmental construction projects changes by ±10%, ±20% and ±50%, respectively. Thus, the order of importance of eco-environment construction projects to the urban ecosystem health state can be worked out, providing a reference for prioritizing the implementation of such urban eco-environmental projects. The study proved the trial value of an ecosystem health evaluation method in urban eco-planning research. Translated from China Population, Resources and Environment, 2005, 15(5): 126–130 [译自: 中国人口资源与环境]     

生态足迹的修正及其在城市生态规划中的应用——以上海市为例

在Wackernagel提出生态足迹(Ecological Footprint,简称EF)方法的基础上,参考当前国际上有关新算法,对EF方法作了修正,尤其是在均衡因子、不同类型的土地产量都是根据当地的实际数值,充分考虑技术进步、社会政策的影响,同时采用国际均值作对比计算。另外,对EF的计算分解为消费EF、输出EF、输入EF等,为在生态规划中的应用提供具体的、科学的分析依据,并以上海市在1980～2003年的长期发展状况为例。根据现状拟合2005年的EF,分析了EF的修正方法在生态规划中的应用及影响EF的关键因子。并发现人均收入水平与EF有一定的相关性(η=0.877),据此提出上海市建设生态型城市中的关键问题和有关建议。