Anatomical element localization by EDXS in Grevillea exul var. exul under nickel stress

Grevillea exul var. exul, an endemic serpentinic Proteaceae of New Caledonia, was chosen to study the spatial distribution of Ni because this species supports strong content of metals, which can allow important absorptions thus detectable by microanalysis. Fine transversal sections of axenic G. exul var. exul plants grown during 15 days on nickel sulphate medium were examined by EDXS microanalysis. It showed that in Ni treated plants, Ni was concentrated mostly in the phloem compared to the xylem and the epidermis, either in roots or in the basal part of the stems and was mostly in the epidermis in the upper part of the stems and not detectable in the leaves. This metal took the place of P and K in the treated plants whereas the localization of these macroelements was quite uniform in control sections. We assume that a mechanism of phloem loading is implicated to restrict Ni accumulation in G. exul var. exul.     

基于新内点测试与Grid-SCAN的铀尾矿库监测定位算法

面向铀尾矿库放射性核素污染WSN监测中,由于监测环境制约,针对该条件下节点密度低、带状分布网络连通性差等问题,为保证一定定位精度,提出一种新的定位算法。新内点测试利用RSSI值与海伦公式判断是否在三角形内外,无需未知节点周围其他节点信息,并采用Grid-SCAN寻找概率模型选取点,使该算法满足低密度条件的定位并减少其计算量。约束范围内计算网格内各点RSSI值的概率,并以最大概率坐标为定位结果。经过仿真,新算法较APIT算法在定位精度上提高了55%~69%。     

条斑紫菜中磷和钙的亚细胞分布及其与富集砷的关系

研究条斑紫菜中磷和钙的亚细胞分布,并探讨其与条斑紫菜富集砷的关系。结果表明:条斑紫菜吸收磷、钙主要分布在细胞壁组分中,平均占总磷含量的53.9%,占总钙含量的61.25%,其次为细胞液。与对照组相比(砷暴露浓度0.5 mg·L~(-1)),在添加磷浓度为0.1 mg·L~(-1)和1.0 mg·L~(-1)处理组中,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间呈现协同效应;当添加磷浓度为5.0 mg·L~(-1)和10.0 mg·L~(-1)时,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间则呈现拮抗作用,砷的富集量分别比照组下降61.37%和72.73%。经添加钙液暴露过的条斑紫菜,当钙暴露浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时其对砷的富集量比对照组减少15.51%。可知,5.0 mg·L~(-1)磷处理条斑紫菜,条斑紫菜对砷的富集受到明显的抑制。     

1种抑制巷道信号NLOS的矿井RSSI高精度定位算法*

在RSSI（Received Signal Strength Indication）测距定位技术中,为抑制巷道信号NLOS（Non Line of Sight）传输对定位结果的影响,提出信号指纹定位和几何优化算法。在离线阶段利用高斯滤波最大值加权法和最小二乘法建立符合矿井巷道环境的无线信号测距模型,设计改进卡尔曼滤波器平滑处理离线信号值,抑制巷道信号NLOS传输带来的影响,建立离线信号指纹库;在线定位阶段,利用加权K最近邻法（WKNN）将定位目标接收到的信号值与指纹库中的信号值进行匹配,将匹配到的最优信号值参与测距定位计算,最后通过几何优化算法将定位结果归一化处理,使其符合一维定位分布。结果表明:所提算法的平均定位误差为0.9 m,相比于高斯滤波最大值加权法、经典卡尔曼滤波指纹定位算法和改进卡尔曼滤波指纹定位方法,其平均误差分别减小2.36,1.17,0.35 m。所提算法能够有效抑制巷道信号NLOS传输对RSSI测距定位的影响,可实现RSSI方法在矿井NLOS环境中的有效应用。     

基于无人机的大气细颗粒物与臭氧污染探测与溯源研究进展

近年来,中国大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)污染的治理已取得阶段性成效,但臭氧(O₃)污染快速上升,实现PM_2.5和O₃协同控制的基础与关键是针对大气污染物的精细化探测和污染溯源.随着无人机技术和传感器技术的迅速发展,基于无人机平台的大气污染探测可以有效获得近地层的PM_2.5和O₃结构特征,并结合计算机算法对大气污染事件进行精准溯源,具有高时效性、高灵活性和高时空分辨率的特征,有助于研究人员了解区域污染物的分布、变化以及来源,为大气复合污染的协同控制提供科学依据.通过回顾传统的大气污染探测方法,总结了污染探测领域常用的无人机飞行平台类型和探测仪器,归纳了基于无人机的PM_2.5和O₃污染探测应用与相关溯源算法,并展望了无人机大气探测的未来研究方向.     

Direct protein-protein interaction network for insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

In present study, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the key proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. The problem of resistance has not been solved fundamentally, because the development of new insecticides can’t keep pace with the development speed of resistance, and the lack of understanding of molecular mechanism of resistance. As the further analysis to reduce data noise, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. The interaction between proteins located at the same subcellular location belongs to direct interactions, thus eliminating indirect interaction. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the hub proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. This is the first study to explore the insecticide resistance molecular mechanism of Drosophila melanogaster based on subcellular localization analysis. It can provide the bioinformatics foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. It also provides a reference for the study of molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance of other insects.     

中国东部燕山期俯冲走滑体制及其对成矿定位的控制

通过中国东部180～90Ma前地质构造演化与北美西部155～0Ma间地质构造演化的对比,说明中国东部燕山期由活动大陆边缘向陆内过渡的构造属性,进一步阐明中国东部燕山期金属成矿大爆发的地球动力背景-伊泽奈歧海洋板块对欧亚大陆的低角度斜向俯冲和NNE向左行平移剪切运动.活动大陆边缘地壳缩短增厚和伸展减薄两个阶段产出有不同的岩石组合和金属成矿组合.NNE向平移剪切带切割先成断裂体系形成控矿断裂网络分级控制金属聚集的定位:超级控矿断裂网络控制金属矿集区和大型矿床定位,区域一级控矿断裂网络控制大、中型及部分小型矿床定位,区域二级控矿断裂网络控制部分小型矿床和矿化点定位,局部性控矿断裂网络控制矿集区和矿田内部的矿床定位.     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因组限制酶酶切分析及其多角体基因的定位

应用１１种限制性内酶ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｓｔＥⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳａｌⅠ、ＳｓｔⅠ、ＸｂａⅠａⅠ和ＸⅠⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ分别将中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒（单粒包埋ＨａＳＮＰＶ）湖北株基因组Ｄ组ＤＮＡ酶切为１０、１２、２２、２１、１３、６、６、４０、６、２１、６个片段，并求得基因组大小平均为１什什Ｍｒ≈７９．１×１０６．以家委核多角体病毒ＢｍＮＰＶ多角体基因为探针，利用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术将病毒多角体基因定位在ＳａｌⅠ４．２×１０３ｂ左右的片段上．与棉铃虫核多角体病毒其它株系酶切图谱比较结果表明，本株病毒与上海等株系及美洲棉铃虫核多角体病毒ＨａＳＮＰＶＥｌｋａｒ株系酶切图谱相似，它们之间的条带数和大小差异较小，而与已发现的所有多粒包埋型病毒ＨａＳＮＰＶ酶切图主谱差异较大．据此认为ＨａＳＮＰＶ和ＨａＭＮＰＶ属于基因型不同的两类病毒，而ＨａＳＮＰＶ不同分离株的同源性很高     

砷超富集植物蜈蚣草中磷和钙的亚细胞分布及其与耐砷毒的关系

为了在研究砷超富集植物蜈蚣草中磷和钙的亚细胞分布,并探讨其与蜈蚣草耐砷毒的关系进行了试验研究.结果表明,蜈蚣草吸收的磷主要分布在胞质组分中(平均占各部位总磷含量的44%以上),吸收的钙主要分布在细胞壁组分中(平均占各部位总钙含量的48%以上).与低钙(0.03和2.5 mmol·L-1)处理相比,高钙(5.0 mmol·L-1)处理时,根部的胞质组分和叶柄的细胞器组分中磷含量较高.各器官的亚细胞组分中钙含量随着介质中添加钙浓度的提高而增加.介质钙浓度过高会抑制蜈蚣草的生长.在加砷处理下,根部和叶柄细胞壁组分的磷含量有所减少,但地上部细胞器组分的磷含量及其含磷总量占植株含磷总量的相对比例、根部细胞壁组分的钙含量增加.蜈蚣草自主调节磷和钙的亚细胞水平分布可能是其耐砷毒的机制之一.     

多重线性软化材料的拉伸应变局部化及力学行为分析

峰后线性应变软化本构关系的拉伸局部化带内部的塑性应变分布及试样的峰后应力—应变关系的理论解答不适用于复杂情形,在双线性应变软化条件下,得到了拉伸局部化带内部的塑性拉伸应变分布及试样的峰后应力—应变关系的理论表达式,又将其推广为多重线性应变软化情形,这在一定程度上拓展了考虑峰后应变局部化的单向拉伸试样力学行为模型的适用范围。拓展后的模型具有广泛的适用性,可模拟峰后的Ⅰ类及Ⅱ类(回跳)行为。通过选择适当的塑性模量(依赖于应力水平)与拉伸局部化带宽度的比值,本文的模型可以精确地模拟多种准脆性材料(例如岩石及混凝土)在单向拉伸条件下的复杂的峰后力学行为。