意大利东北部滨海湿地演变及其影响因素监测分析

意大利东北部海岸分布着独特的滨海湿地景观,在地中海区域具有极其重要的生态价值。该研究主要利用遥感影像监测1984—2016年滨海湿地演变,覆盖该区域所有的国际重要湿地保护区,并在此基础上定量分析滨海湿地演变的影响因素,深化对滨海湿地演变规律的认识,为今后制定与实施滨海湿地保护政策提供科学依据。研究结果显示,(1)滨海湿地的演变受一系列自然和人为因素影响,包括海平面上升、城市扩张、农业及旅游业发展等负面因素。保护区外的滨海湿地减少了21.62%,且岛屿湿地面临海平面上升的严重威胁,部分区域高达56%的湿地被海水侵蚀。(2)环保立法与修复措施在大部分滨海湿地集中分布片区得到有效实施,带来了积极的环境效应,湿地总面积从111 km²(1984年)增长至119 km²(2016年),保护区内滨海湿地大体上并未受到持续增强的人类活动带来的重大负面影响。但严格的环保措施和持续的城镇化产生了“环境极化”效应,同样不利于滨海湿地环境的长远维持。应当在保护区边缘区域采取弹性的环保策略,使滨海湿地环境得到更加可持续的有效保护。

Monitoring and Analyzing the Coastal Wetland Dynamics and Its Influential Factors in Northeast Italy

The Adriatic coast of Northeast Italy is one of the unique areas with coastal wetland landscape,holding significant ecological value in the Mediterranean.In this research,we have monitored the coastal wetland change in ten studied sites which covered all the Ramsar sites in this area from 1984 to 2016.Influential factors associated with coastal wetland change have been quantitively analyzed for each of the studied wetland sites.This research is aiming to explore the in-depth understanding of the environmental change of the coastal wetland.Furthermore,provide a scientific basis for future policymaking and implementation on wetland protection.The analysis results confirm that(1)the coastal wetland changes are affected by a multitude of anthropogenic and natural factors,including sea-level rise,urban expansion,and tourism development,et al..Wetlands located outside the reserve regions are shrinking,with the area decreased by 21.62%.And insular wetlands subject to serious impacts from inundation due to sea-level rise.In some areas,as much as 56%of the insular wetlands have been converted into water.(2)Meanwhile,environmental legislation and restoration have brought positive environmental effects on most of the wetland areas,which increased from 111 km²(1984)to 119 km²(2016).Inside the reserve area,the coastal wetlands environment remained generally stable despite the continuously intensified anthropogenic disturbance.And(3)however,driven by strict reservation policy and contiguous aggressive anthropogenic activities,environmental polarization phenomenon appeared,which is not conducive to the long-term protection of the coastal wetland.For efficiently promoting sustainable protection for the coastal wetland environment,flexible policies should be applied in the fringe area of the reserve area.