基于实时交通数据的南京市主次干道机动车排放特征分析

通过2014年RFID实时数据得到南京市主干道和次干道车流量、车速、车队构成等交通信息,基于COPERT模型获取排放因子数据,利用高时空分辨率机动车排放(HTSVE)清单系统计算道路机动车排放量.运用非参数检验和道路聚类分析,结合Arc GIS技术,分析南京市主次干道机动车排放特征.结果表明,2014年南京市主次干道机动车以小型客车为主,比例均达80%,国Ⅲ和国Ⅳ车量总数超过90%,其中以国Ⅲ车排放贡献率最大.特殊时段(低谷时段、平峰时段、高峰时段)机动车日均排放量受道路类型和周末效应共同影响,南京市主次干道以排放分担率变化规律可分为5类,同类道路具有相似的变化特征且受空间地理位置影响.基于聚类结果,对不同类型道路的小时排放特征进行分析,以期为交通环境管理提供技术手段和决策依据.

Emission Characteristics of Vehicle Exhaust in Artery and Collector Roads in Nanjing Based on Real-time Traffic Data

The vehicle emissions were estimated by the Urban High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Vehicle Emission Inventory Model and Decision Support System (hereinafter referred to as the HTSVE system) with the real-time data including traffic flow, average speed and fleet compositions obtained from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and emission factors based on COPERT. The study focused on the characteristics of vehicle emissions by means of non-parametric test and cluster analysis with ArcGIS in artery roads and collector roads in Nanjing, 2014. The result showed that the proportion of passenger cars reached up to 80%, and China 3 and China 4 accounted for over 90% while China 3 contributed most. The daily average emissions in special periods including morning, noon and evening were affected by both road types and weekend effect. The artery and collector roads were classified as 5 clusters. Each type had similar emission rates distribution and was affected by spatial position to support traffic management.