经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究

为研究溢油经消油剂处理后对刺参幼参的危害,进行了如下试验:(1)表皮分别涂抹原油、0号柴油和消油剂;(2)消油剂分别处理原油、0号柴油所形成的水溶组分(chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction,CEWAF)和消油剂对幼参的96 h急性毒性试验。结果显示:(1)仅0号柴油和消油剂使幼参出现较短时间的收缩,表皮均未溃烂;(2)由高浓度至低浓度组先后出现部分幼参收缩、排脏、附着力下降,甚至表皮长疱、溃烂或死亡等现象,原油CEWAF对3月龄和4月龄幼参的96 h半致死浓度LC50(95%置信限)分别为246.09(211.16～286.81)mg/L和399.15(374.71～425.19)mg/L,4月龄幼参在0号柴油CEWAF浓度为125.89和19.95 mg/L时出现72 h内100%死亡和96 h内100%存活的现象,消油剂浓度为6 000 mg/L时幼参死亡率<50%。

Acute toxicity of chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction of dispersed oil to Apostichopus japonicas Juveniles

In order to study the toxicity of dispersed oil to Apostichopus japonicas Juveniles,the tests below were conducted:(1) skin smear tests of crude oil,No.0 diesel oil and dispersant;(2) 96 h acute toxicity tests of dispersant,chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction(CEWAF) of crude oil,and those of No.0 diesel oil.The result showed that:(1) No.0 diesel oil and dispersant on the skin made Juveniles a short time of contraction,but failed to cause skin ulceration;(2) as time went by,some of juveniles would contract body,expel their sticky cuvierian tubules,decrease adhesive ability,or even blister,fester or die;the mean 96 h LC50(95% confidence limits) for CEWAF of crude oil on juveniles of 3 months and 4 months were 246.09(211.16 ～286.81) mg/L and 399.15(374.71～425.19) mg/L respectively;the CEWAF of No.0 diesel oil were significantly more toxic than that of crude oil,for that mortality rates of the group of 125.89 mg/L were 100% in 72 h,while the group of 19.95 mg/L all survived in 96 h;dispersant were low toxic,for that mortality rates of the group of 6 000 mg/L were less than 50% in 96 h.The study supplied acute toxicity data of oil spill to coastal benthos,and provided reference for evaluating the environmental safety of using dispersant to deal with oil spill.