煤气化技术的前景

介绍了“煤气化──无烟燃烧技术”及其在小型工业锅上的应用，为解决我国煤烟型大气污染问题提供了一种全新的办法。     

ASM1中废水和污泥组分浓度的测定方法研究

对呼吸计量法应用于校准ASM1作了简明的阐述。在呼吸速率与模型组分关系的基础上,介绍了ASM1中废水与污泥各组分浓度的测定方法,并指出模型组分细化的意义。     

第二松花江中下游水体邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征

通过采集和分析第二松花江中下游水和底泥样品,探讨了该河段水体中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量及其分布特征。结果表明第二松花江中下游水体中PAEs以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)两种为主。水中PAEs总量较高,DBP和DEHP含量均已超过我国地表水标准限值。底泥中PAEs总量与国内外一些河流底泥中的含量相近,但DBP和DEHP含量均已超过了美国华盛顿州的警戒标准。底泥中PAEs含量沿程分布总体上均呈现先增加后减少的特征;水体中PAEs含量及其分布特征主要受流域内工农业活动的影响。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区气溶胶水溶性离子变化特征及来源分析

基于2007年4、8和10月这3个时段不同季节的野外考察取样和实验室分析测试,探讨了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区气溶胶样品中水溶性离子成分的浓度组成、变化特征及其可能来源.结果表明,气溶胶水溶性离子平均浓度为2.76μg·m-3,化学组成以Ca2+、NO-3和SO2-4为主.Ca2+、SO2-4、NH+4、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-在春、夏、秋这3个季节的变化趋势与总离子浓度的变化趋势一致,均为夏季最高、秋季次之、春季最低,而K+与NO-3却呈现出秋季最高、夏季和春季浓度次之的季节变化特征.分析认为,气溶胶中Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、K+和Cl-主要可能来自陆源矿物;而NO-3和NH+4则很大程度上以人为源为主.并且发现,SO2-4可能同时受陆地源与人类活动来源的影响.     

浅析环保企业执行建造合同准则存在的问题及对策

随着国家对环境保护的重视,环保企业近年来迅速发展已成为一个新兴的朝阳产业,如何规范污水处理工程建设中建造合同的会计核算已成为每一个环保企业必须面对的问题。本文对环保企业在执行《企业会计准则第15号―建造合同》中存在的问题进行了细致的分析,并提出了一些解决对策,使环保企业执行建造合同准则能得以顺利实施。     

祁连山老虎沟12号冰川积雪中飞灰颗粒物的特征

冰川积雪中的飞灰颗粒物可指示由大气沉降的人类活动污染物.本研究基于2012年6月在青藏高原东北缘的祁连山老虎沟12号冰川夏季野外观测取样、实验室扫描电子显微镜与X射线能谱仪联用系统(SEM-EDX)分析了积雪粉尘中球形颗粒物的特征信息,以弄清冰川区沉降的球形飞灰颗粒物的理化特征及其环境意义.结果表明,在所选取的雪层不同深度的9个积雪样品中,都存在着一定数量的飞灰颗粒,这些颗粒物通常是人类生产活动中的化石燃料高温燃烧所形成的.基于EDX能谱分析了飞灰颗粒物的化学元素成分组成,认为沉积在祁连山冰川积雪中的飞灰主要分为3种类型,分别为"富Si类"、"富Fe类"和"富Ti类"颗粒物.总体上,"富Si类"和"富Fe类"颗粒占了球形飞灰颗粒的绝大部分.这些不同组分的飞灰代表了污染物的不同生产活动来源,其平均粒径要相对大于雪层中自然来源的所有矿物粉尘颗粒物,反映了大气传输远距离中密度对粉尘颗粒的重要性.结合NOAA Hysplit气团后向传输轨迹分析认为,中亚地区和我国新疆地区城市、及研究区周边的工业燃烧物通过大气传输是祁连山老虎沟12号冰川积雪中飞灰颗粒的主要可能来源.     

45~#钢在西双版纳大气环境下的腐蚀研究

目的研究西双版纳热带雨林地区大气环境下材料的初期腐蚀行为。方法使用45#碳钢在西双版纳大气环境下进行1年的大气暴露腐蚀试验,并利用质量损失分析、SEM、XRD和FTIR等技术,分析45#碳钢在西双版纳大气环境下暴露1年的腐蚀行为。结果 45#碳钢的腐蚀产物以γ-FeOOH,Fe(OH)3和Fe3O4为主,并有少量的α-FeOOH。结论西双版纳大气环境腐蚀性为C2级。在暴露1年的时间内,锈层化学稳定性随试验时间的延长逐渐增强,对基体的保护性逐渐加大。     

Policy implementation of the Republic Act (RA) No. 9003 in the Philippines: A case study of Cebu city

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is considered to be one of the most serious environmental issues in the Philippines. The annual waste generation was estimated at 10.6 million tonnes in 2012 and this is expected to double in 2025. The Republic Act (RA) No. 9003, widely known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the required policy framework, institutional mechanisms and mandate to the Local Government Units (LGUs) to achieve 25% waste reduction target through establishing an integrated solid waste management plan based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycling). Although the initial impact of the LGUs is still very limited in implementing the national mandate, this article highlights the successful experiences of Cebu, the second largest city in the Philippines, in reducing its MSW generation by more than 30% in the past three years. This study also explores the implementation process, innovative actions taken by the Cebu City Government in implementing the national mandate at local level and identifies the factors that influence the policy implementation. The findings suggest that the impacts of the national mandate can be achieved if the LGUs have the high degree of political commitment, planning and development of effective local strategies in a collaborative manner to meet with local conditions, partnership building with other stakeholders, capacity development, adequate financing and incentives, and in the close monitoring and evaluation of performance.     

Age-dating Diesel Fuel Spills: Using the European Empirical Time-based Model in the U.S.A.

In 1993, a paper was published by Christensen and Larsen that offered a method for determining the age of diesel oil spills in soil (Christensen and Larsen, 1993 Ground Water Mount. R . Fall , 142-149). It presented an empirical time-based model of the degradation of diesel fuel in soils using chemical data gathered at petroleum release sites in Denmark and the Netherlands. Now, evaluation of the validity of the application of this work to subsurface petroleum releases in other countries remains. In the U.S.A., investigations assessing date(s) of release of diesel fuel in soils, e.g. age dating of subsurface petroleum contamination, have considerable interest. Litigation-driven scientific investigations with accompanying expert testimony in a court of law are underway. The number of instances where application of the Christensen and Larsen empirical time-based model to petroleum-contaminated properties is growing in the U.S.A. This paper presents two case studies which evaluate the applicability of the Christensen and Larsen empirical time-based model to petroleum-contaminated properties in general. It illustrates the approach using gas chromatographic data from two recently-completed projects evaluating the applicability of the Christensen and Larsen model to a No. 2 fuel oil/diesel fuel surface spill in the U.S.A. Results showed that the application of the model to petroleum-contaminated soils was scientifically valid, provided its applicability was evaluated using hypothesis testing for specific changes in the characteristics of the petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in a number of soil samples collected over time at one site. The paper offers observations on the application of the Christensen and Larsen model to petroleum found in the light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) phase and groundwater.     

Environmental Comedy: No Impact Man and the Performance of Green Identity

“No Impact Man” (NIM) Colin Beavan attracted international media attention and a good deal of criticism for his year-long experiment attempting to live making zero net impact on the environment. Whereas Beavan's critics dismissed the project as a mere publicity stunt, this essay reads the NIM blog, book, and documentary film as a compelling performance of green identity in the comic frame. This performance—which links private consumption to ecology and community, and emphasizes flaws, foibles, humor and humility—offers an appealing invitation to engage in both individual and collective action. I argue that comedy is a useful rhetorical tool for addressing global warming, as it enables us to see ourselves not as helpless victims in a tragic doomsday scenario, but as imperfect actors who are both guilty contributors to the problem and agents responsible for its amelioration.