京津冀及周边地区清洁取暖补贴政策现状、问题与对策

京津冀及周边地区以燃煤为主的农户冬季采暖方式是影响区域大气环境质量的重要原因之一,大规模推进清洁取暖改造是优化区域能源结构、改善大气环境质量的重要举措.本文以京津冀大气污染传输通道城市("2+26"城市)为重点,全面梳理了京津冀及周边地区清洁取暖政策特别是补贴政策的实施情况和主要问题,对近期区域清洁取暖改造补贴投资进行测算,提出未来农村清洁取暖补贴政策的优化建议.结果表明,在现行补贴标准下,补贴资金投入额的差异主要来源于清洁取暖技术路径及农居建筑节能性能的差异,使用热泵类设备并进行建筑节能改造对降低补贴资金投入有积极影响;中央财政的清洁取暖试点城市奖补资金只能覆盖2019年改造补贴所需投资总额的20%左右,地方政府财政压力巨大.未来京津冀及周边地区农村清洁取暖补贴政策应继续充分发挥中央财政支持作用,充分利用市场建立多元化投融资机制,已大规模推进农村清洁取暖改造并已制定清洁取暖补贴政策的地区应继续制定新的补贴政策,尚未大规模改造的地区建议通过试点补贴方式逐步引导推广,清洁取暖补贴标准的制定和调整应在农户可接受、政府可承担的前提下逐步实现退坡.

Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Subsidy Policy for Clean Heating in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Surrounding Areas

The coal-based household winter heating mode in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas is one of the important reasons affecting the regional atmospheric environment quality. Large-scale promotion of clean heating reform is an important measure to optimize regional energy structure and improve atmospheric environmental quality. Focusing on the "2+26" cities, especially the subsidy policy, the implementation and main problems of the clean heating policy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas were sorted out comprehensively, the recent regional clean heating reform subsidy investment was estimated and the suggestions for the optimization of rural clean heating subsidy policy in the future were proposed. The results showed that under the current subsidy standard, the difference in the amount of subsidy funds mainly comes from the difference between the clean heating technology path and the energy-saving performance of rural buildings. The use of heat pump equipment and building energy-saving reform has a positive impact on reducing subsidy investment. The central government''s clean heating pilot city award fund can only cover about 20% of the total investment required to reform subsidies in 2019, and the local government has huge financial pressure. In the future, the rural clean heating subsidy policy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas should continue to give full play to the central financial support role and make full use of the market to establish a diversified investment and financing mechanism. Areas that have promoted rural clean heating reform on a large scale and have formulated clean heating subsidy policies should continue to formulate new subsidy policies. Areas that have not yet undergone large-scale reform should be gradually promoted through pilot subsidies. The formulation and adjustment of the cleaning and heating subsidy standards should be gradually implemented in accordance with the capacity of users and the government.