饮水型砷暴露对小鼠多系统脏器的毒性作用

为揭示饮水型砷暴露对机体的毒性，系统研究了砷摄入对实验动物基础生理和多系统脏器的毒性损伤作用.选雄性ICR小鼠为受试动物，以自由饮用含砷10 mg·L^-1的水溶液进行染毒，连续染毒60 d后检测发现，饮水砷暴露对小鼠一般体征和体重无显著影响，肝脏脏器系数显著降低，心脏、肺脏、肾脏和睾丸脏器系数降低，但无统计学意义.砷染毒组血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著升高，总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）含量显著升高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量显著降低，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量显著升高；肝脏、小肠、心脏、肺脏、肾脏和睾丸组织中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性显著降低，过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高，并出现程度不同的组织形态结构损伤.研究结果表明，饮水砷暴露可诱发实验小鼠肝脏功能异常、生理代谢紊乱，导致消化系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统与生殖系统等多系统脏器组织的氧化损伤和结构病变，砷暴露对机体的毒性作用存在组织器官差异性，对肝脏的损伤较严重.

Toxic effects of arsenic exposure via drinking water on multiple organs in mice

Arsenic (As) exposure to humans mainly occurs from the ingestion of As contaminated water and food, and the toxicity of arsenic exposure via drinking water is not very clear. We report the effects of arsenic exposure via drinking water on the characteristics of basic physiology and the morphological structure of multiple organs in male ICR mice. The results showed that arsenic exposure at 10 mg·L^-1 for 60 days via drinking water had no significant effect on animals'' appearance and behavior and body weight. A significant decrease in liver weight was found in As-exposed group. And no difference was found in the organ coefficients of kidney, heart, lung and testicular between As-exposed group and the control. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly increased in serum in As-exposed group. Meanwhile, the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly decreased, but the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly increased. The contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) significantly decreased in the liver, intestine, heart, lung, kidney and testis in As-exposed mice model, associated with the significant increases of the contents of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) and different degrees of damage to multiple organs. Our results showed that arsenic exposure via drinking water could lead to the metabolism disorder and disfunction of mice liver, and the structural damage to digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems due to oxidative stress. The toxic effects of arsenic exposure were various among various tissues and organs, in which the damage to liver was more serious than others.