镉超积累植物龙葵叶片中镉的积累与有机酸含量的关系

采用盆栽试验方法,研究镉超积累植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)不同生育期叶片中有机酸的含量与组成,及其与镉生物积累的关系.结果表明,当土壤中镉浓度为25μg.g-1时,苗期和成熟期龙葵叶片镉积累量均达到100μg.g-1以上,且地上部镉含量大于根部镉含量.苗期与成熟期有机酸的含量变化差异显著,苗期龙葵叶片4种有机酸的含量大小为乙酸>酒石酸>苹果酸>柠檬酸;成熟期有机酸含量顺序为苹果酸>酒石酸、乙酸>柠檬酸.苗期龙葵叶片中酒石酸含量与镉含量呈极显著相关,成熟期则发现乙酸和柠檬酸含量与叶片中镉含量呈显著相关,说明龙葵叶片中酒石酸、柠檬酸和乙酸分别可以指示不同生育期龙葵叶片中镉的积累.

Relationships Between Cadmium Accumulation and Organic Acids in Leaves of Solanum nigrum L.as a Cadmium-Hyperaccumulator

The influence of different cadmium concentrations on the organic acid level in leaves of the Cd hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L., in particular, the relationship of organic acids with Cd accumulation in S. nigrum was investigated based on the pot-culture experiment. The results showed that the Cd concentration in S. nigrum leaves exceeded 100 microg x g(-1), the threshold value used to define Cd-hyperaccumulators, and the bioaccumulation coefficient of cadmium in shoots of S. nigrum was higher than 1 when Cd concentration in soil was 25 microg x g(-1). The level of organic acids in leaves of S. nigrum had significant differences between the seedling stage and the mature stage. At the seedling stage, the sequence of organic acids in leaves of S. nigrum was acetic acid> tartaric acid> malic acid> citric acid. On the contrary, the accumulation of organic acids in S. nigrum at the mature stage was approximately in the following sequence malic acid> tartaric acid, acetic acid> citric acid. The significant positive correlation between Cd accumulation in leaves of S. nigrum and the concentration of tartaric acid in leaves of S. nigrum was observed at the seedling stage, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between Cd accumulation in leaves of S. nigrum and both acetic and citric acid concentrations at the mature stage. These results indicated that tartaric, acetic and citric acids in leaves of S. nigrum might act as the indication of Cd hyperaccumulation.