中国长江三角洲地区黑碳特征和来源分析

利用2016年中国气象局设于长江三角洲地区的上海崇明东滩（DT）.上海浦东（PD），安徽寿县（SX），浙江临安（LA）和浙江洪家（HJ）5个站点的BC观测资料，结合气象资料和污染物数据等，对该地区BC特征和来源展开研究.上海东滩，上海浦东，安徽寿县，浙江临安和浙江洪家5个站点BC年平均浓度分别为（1834±1713），（2410±1537），（2823±1759），（2651±1518）和（2544±1399）ng/m³.上海东滩浓度较低，其他站点较为接近.各站点BC都有明显的季节变化.上海崇明东滩冬季BC浓度高于其他季节.其他4个站点都是冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季.上海东滩四季BC日变化不明显，而其他站点四季BC浓度日变化的高值都出现在交通高峰期（06：00~09：00，18：00~21：00）.上海浦东，安徽寿县，浙江临安和浙江洪家BC主要来源于机动车尾气排放和燃煤.所有站点风速较低（风速<3m/s），BC受风速影响显著，风速越大，BC浓度越低.相对湿度在50~60之间，BC平均浓度最高.潜在源区贡献（PSCF）的分析结果显示，冬夏两季长江三角洲5个站点BC潜在源区主要集中在江苏，安徽和浙江等地.

Characteristics and source apportionment of black carbon in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China

The characteristics and source of black carbon (BC) in the Yangtze River Delta region were analyzed combined with the data of meteorological factors and trace gases in Chongming Dongtan (DT, Shanghai), Pudong (PD, Shanghai), Shouxian (SX, Anhui Province), Linan (LA, Zhejiang Province) and Hongjia (HJ, Zhejiang Province) sites in 2016. The annual average mass concentration (±standard deviation) of BC in DT, PD, SX, LA and HJ sites were (834±1713), (2410±1537), (2823±1759), (2651±1518) and (2544±1399) ng/m³. The BC concentration is relatively low in DT and other sites are very similar. The mass concentration of BC showed a distinct seasonal variation in five sites. The BC concentration in DT site is higher in winter than in other seasons. The BC mass concentration in other sites ranked in the order of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The diurnal variations of DT site in four seasons were not obvious. However, the diurnal cycles in other sites were similar with the high values in rush hours (06:00~09:00, 18:00~21:00) in all seasons. The vehicle emissions and coal combustion were mainly sources of BC in PD, SX, LA and HJ sites. A low wind speed (<3m/s) occurred in all sites. Low BC concentration accompanied with the high wind speed. The highest BC mass concentration occurred when RH=50%~60%. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis signified that the potential sources of all sites in winter and summer were mainly from Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang Province and so on.