Health Risks Associated with Predicted Increase of Cadmium in Cultivated Soils and in the Diet |
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Authors: | Kimmo Louekari R Mäkelä-Kurtto P Jousilahti |
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Institution: | (1) Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 B, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland;(2) MTT (Agrifood Research Finland), Environmental Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;(3) National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland |
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Abstract: | We have assessed the change of the dietary intake and the potential health risks of cadmium in Finland, assuming that a high
level of cadmium in fertilizers (138 mg Cd/kg P) would prevail for the next 100 years. Soil measurements and modelling were
used to derive the predicted level of cadmium in foods. In three important cultivars, wheat, potato and sugar beet, the cadmium
concentration would increase by 20–35%. Consequently, the average dietary intake of cadmium in Finland would increase from
7.9 to 10.0 μg/day, corresponding with the urinary level of about 0.2 μg/l, a level that has not been associated with effects
on the human health. However, in the risk group with 1) high dietary intake of cadmium, 2) elevated gastrointestinal absorption,
and 3) tobacco smoking, the estimated urinary level of cadmium would be 2.0 μg/l. Recent epidemiological studies have shown
that urinary level of 1–2 μg Cd/l is associated with an increased risk of bone demineralization and fractures, and 2–4 μg
Cd/l with pre-clinical kidney damage. People characterized by more than one of the above-mentioned risks factors, may develop
the adverse health effects at an old age, when cadmium has accumulated in the body. |
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Keywords: | Cadmium Phosphorus fertilizers Soil Dietary intake Urinary cadmium Health risks |
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