悬浮法氯乙烯聚合工艺的风险分析及安全技术

悬浮法聚合氯乙烯生产过程的主要风险是氯乙烯的"暴聚"事故和氯乙烯泄漏事故.聚合反应散热不足,温度过高导致"暴聚"事故.易燃易爆有毒的氯乙烯泄漏可能引发氯乙烯蒸汽云爆炸和火球(BLEVE)事故.以某PVC化工厂氯乙烯聚合釜生产为例,定量计算氯乙烯小孔泄漏量、蒸汽云及BLEVE火球的事故伤害与破坏后果.提出避免导致"暴聚"事故3种安全技术措施:良好的聚合釜反应散热降温;足够的搅拌强度和防止"粘釜"等.防止引发氯乙烯泄漏的3种途径为反应釜轴封、超压泄压时跑料和压力容器及管道的防泄漏技术.

Risk analysis of polyvinyl chloride production in suspension process and safety measures

This paper aims to introduce the author's analysis of hazards caused by the large quantity leakage of the chloroethylene,the consequence of damage caused by the vapor cloud explosion and the radiation of the fire burning sphere in a sample chemical plant.As is known,with the fast development of the suspension process of polyvinyl chloride production,it has become a growing concern of the main hazards caused by the leakage of the chloroethylene and the increase of the density and melting fluid velocity during the process due to the extremely high temperature and the failure of the polymeric vessel in dissipating the strong heat produced in the reaction.The explosion is likely to be caused by the combustion of chloroethylene due to the vapor cloud expansion and the burning fire sphere.To reduce the hazards and solve the problem,we have calculated the quantity of leakage of the chloroethylene,and made a detailed investigative analysis of the damage consequence of vapor cloud explosion and the radiation of the fire sphere in a sample chemical plant.And,then,three safety measures are put forward,that is,likely measures to lower the temperature so as to prevent the change of the density and the melting fluid velocity,measures to improve the dissipation of the heat enough so as to prevent the likely too much materiel sticking to the polymeric vessel,and the necessary measures to avoid the leakage of chloroethylene during the process of polyvinyl chloride production.For example,measures on how to prevent the materiel leaking from the axes of the polymeric vessel and avoid the leakage of the materiel while increasing the pressure so as to reduce the pressure and prevent the leakage from the pipeline.