碳减排路径模式选择研究——基于私家车管控的个人碳交易和碳税比较

为了研究大城市私家车碳减排的有效路径,引入个人碳交易概念,提出管控大城市私家车碳排放的设想,制定了个人碳交易管理办法基本内容;运用Cobb-Douglas效用函数建立了管控大城市私家车个人碳交易和碳税的经济模型,依托调研数据定量化研究交通领域的个人碳交易机制,运用Matlab软件绘制了个人碳交易和碳税方案的适用范围图形,并对二者的减排效果进行比较。结果表明:个人碳交易与碳税都可以使消费者减少实际行车里程并保证总效用的增加,个人碳交易比碳税更容易为消费者接受,并能够达到碳减排的效果;在消费领域碳减排初期、社会减排任务量不大时,个人碳交易优于碳税,当减排任务很大时,碳税政策更为有效;碳减排量对消费者刚性需求的影响决定着个人碳交易制度的接受程度。应在北京、上海等大城市或其他城市的拥堵区域试行个人碳交易管控大城市私家车出行的制度,并开展实施细则的研究。

Approach to carbon-exhaust emission reduction through a comparative analysis based on the carbon trading and taxation from the private vehicles owners

To make an exploration of the effective approach to reducing the carbon emission of the private cars in the big cities,the paper has first of all introduced the concept of personal carbon trading and the assumption hypothesis of the vehicle control in the metropolises by establishing a personal car carbon-consumption trading regulation by using Cobb-Douglas utility function based on the combination of the quantitative study results with the survey data.And,then,a comparison has been made on the basis of the clear study of the effects of emission reduction by drawing the scope of application with the preceding system via Matlab.The results of the above said studies show that:(1) Both the reasonable personal carbon trading system and the carbon taxation can help to reduce the actual driving mileage and increase the total utility effectiveness and efficiency;(2) It would be much easier for the personal carbon consumers to accept the carbon consumption trading than the carbon taxation,for it can come up to the social need and function of the carbon emission reduction fully;(3) Since the emission reduction task at the first stage would be smaller,it would be possible for the personal carbon trading system to work better than the carbon-consumption taxation.However,the carbon taxation policy should be by nature made more effective;(4) To put into practice the personal carbon trading system,it would be necessary for the personal carbon consumers to realize the rigid demands for the emission reduction may affect their own personal interests.Therefore,this paper argues that it should not be delayed to put into effect the carbon consumption emission reduction system whereas the personal carbon trading system should be put into immediate test and examination in the sector of private car control in Beijing,Shanghai and the other big cities.In addition,detailed policy and regulations for their implementation should also be started to move on.