住宅室内降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及暴露评价

利用CH2Cl2和超声对天津市13户家庭住宅冬季和夏季26个室内降尘样品中6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、DEHP、DOP)进行提取分离,并采用气相色谱-质谱定量分析,研究了邻苯二甲酸酯污染变化特征和暴露风险.结果表明,冬夏两季,室内降尘样品均以DEHP 浓度最大,DBP第二,且DBP 和DEHP之和占ΣPAEs 的比例达到80.0%以上;冬季,各采样点6种邻苯二甲酸酯总含量(∑PAEs)浓度在1.498~32.587μg/g之间,平均浓度为(6.772±8.154)μg/g;夏季,∑PAEs浓度在1.981~40.041μg/g之间,平均浓度为(13.406±12.911) μg/g;PAEs浓度季节变化差异显著,夏季降尘样品中PAEs浓度高于冬季.暴露评价显示儿童和成人的夏季邻苯二甲酸酯总暴露量均大于冬季;经口暴露水平大于皮肤;平均儿童的暴露水平是成人的10倍左右;成人和儿童对4种物质(DBP、DEHP、DEP、BBP)的总暴露量最大值均出现在夏季;天津室内降尘暴露量与我国6城市室内降尘总暴露水平相当(除DEHP外),与德国和美国的暴露水平相比,天津儿童和成人的暴露量偏小.但是,室内环境中PAEs污染对人体健康的影响仍要引起重视,尤其是对低龄儿童的健康危害.

Pollution characteristics of phthalate esters derived from household dust and exposure assessment

The 26 indoor dust samples from 13 households were collected during winter and summer in Tianjin.Using CH2Cl2 and ultrasonic extraction for extraction and separation,gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method was applied to analyze DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP,DOP.And then the pollution characteristics and assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from indoor dust were studied.The results were as followed: The concentration for DEHP was the highest,and then came DBP in household dust in winter and summer,collectively accounting for more than 80% of the total concentrations in the samples.In winter,the concentrations of ∑PAEs were from 1.498 to 32.587 μg/g,the average concentration was(6.772±8.154) μg/g;While in summer,ranging from 1.981 to 40.041μg/g and(13.406±12.911) μg/g,respectively.The PAEs concentrations in household dust varied significantly,which were higher in summer than those in winter.The total exposures of PAEs(DBP,DEHP,DEP,BBP) for children and adults in summer were higher than those in winter,and also through the mouth than the skin.The exposures of phthalate esters for children were about 10 times higher than those for adults.For adults and children,the highest exposure of PAEs(DBP,DEHP,DEP,BBP) were both found in summer.The PAEs pollution in indoor dust and human exposure in Tianjin were lightly less than in Germany and USA;And in the same level with 6 Chinese cities for total exposure,except DEHP.The importance of young children’s exposure to PAEs in indoor environment should be paid more attention.