空难对湿地底栖大型无脊椎动物的影响

探讨了包头"11·21"空难对南海子底栖大型无脊椎动物的种类、数量和空间分布以及水质的重要影响.研究发现:南海子底栖大型无脊椎动物有6种,其中寡毛类有2种、摇蚊幼虫有4种;摇蚊幼虫在数量和生物量上均占绝对优势,是南海子的优势种.南海子底栖大型无脊椎动物的种类多样性指数为1.262 9,Shnnon-Wiener多样性指数为0.614 5.南海子底栖大型无脊椎动物的分布率为92%,事故发生地附近没有底栖大型无脊椎动物出现;底栖大型无脊椎动物的数量和生物量以及种类多样性指数随着与事故发生地距离的增加而增加.空难事故后南海子水体已出现严重富营养化.

Study on Effects of the Air Disaster on the Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Wetland

The biological assessment of water quality by the benthic macroinvertebrates has been used worldwidely.The Baotou "11·21" Air Disaster had significant influence on the species,density and the spatial distribution of the benthic macroinvertebrates and the water quality in Nanhaizi.The results showed: 6 species of the benthic macroinvertebrates,including 2 species of Oligochaeta and 4 species of Chironomidae larvae,have been recorded.Chironomidae larvae were dominant species in density and biomass.The species diversity index(SDI) is 1.262 9 and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index is 0.614 5 in Nanhaizi.The distribution rate of the benthic macroinvertebrates is 92% in Nanhaizi and there is no benthic macroinvertebrate in the place where the plane pranged.The density and biomass of the benthic macroinvertebrates and the SDI become more along with the increase of the distance between the place of the pranged plane and the sampling stations.The water quality in Nanhaizi is severe eutrophication according to the indicator species,the density,the biomass,the SDI and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index.