澳门2001年生态足迹分析

论文对澳门2001年的生态足迹进行了计算和分析,结果表明,澳门2001年人均生态足迹为2.993hm²,制造业外移、大量居民到邻近的珠海消费及密集的城市结构使生态足迹较低,只有香港的一半。澳门人均生态承载力面积仅0.011hm²;澳门生态足迹是生态承载力面积的272倍,表明澳门生态系统承受着较大的压力。澳门以旅游业为主,旅游业产值占GDP的60.7%。从生态消费的角度,澳门每hm²生态足迹可产生4202美元的产值,是世界平均水平的3.8倍。澳门是一个以旅游为主的城市,游客每hm²生态足迹的产值是15258美元,是世界平均水平的13.8倍,充分反映了澳门旅游业的经济高效性。研究表明,在澳门三岛中,澳门半岛的生态足迹最大,是半岛真实面积的1554倍,表明澳门半岛生态压力和强度甚高。文章还对澳门发展旅游业优势性进行了探讨。

The analysis of ecological footprints of Macao in2001

Because human beings consume the products and services of nature,every one has an impact on the earth in some ways.Does the human load stay within the earth's carrying capaci-ty?The ecological footprint concept has been designed to answer this question and estimate peo-ple's impact on nature.The ecological footprint of any defined population(from a single individ-ual to a whole city or country)is the total area of ecologically productive land and water occu-pied exclusively to produce all the resources consumed and to assimilate all the wastes generated by people.The ecological footprint method presents a simple framework for natural capital calcu-lation.The concept and its calculation method of ecological footprint set up by Wackernagel M are used in this paper.The article calculates and analyses the ecological footprint of Macao in2001.The ecological footprint ledger is composed of three main sections:1)biotic resources;2)energy consumption;and3)trade balance.Based on the ecological footprint concept and analytical framework,human consumption can be compared with natural capital production at the regional level using existing data.Macao is situated on the southern coast of China.The total land area,currently25.4sq km,con sists of Macao Peninsula,and the islands of Taipa(linked to the city by two bridges)and Coloane(linked to Taipa by a causeway and reclaiming land from the sea on either side of the causeway).The population of Macao is493000,the highest density in the world.Macao is de-pendent on Chinese mainland for fuel,water and most of its food.The ecological footprint of Macao is2.993hm² per capita in2001.It is lower than that in Hong Kong and other developed countries.The reason may be1)the manufacturing industry has moved to mainland China in re-cently years;2)more and more residents go to Zhuhai for consumption;and3)high density of the living area can save more energy.The bio-capacity of land is only0.011hm² .Tourism is the most important economic industry in Macao,which is efficient and profitable,accounting for about 60.7%of GDP.Ecologically,footprint indicates the relation between con-sumption and the natural resources.In Macao,the average output of1hm² footprint is US$4202,3.8times the average output of the world,and the tourist output of1hm² footprint is US$15258,almost13.8times that of the world.The distribution of Macao footprint is89.5%in the Macao Peninsula,about 1554times compared to its real area.The analysis shows that the ecological pressure and density is tremendously high in the Macao Peninsula.