应用PCR-DGGE技术研究处理含氨废气的生物滤塔中微生物多样性

变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)在微生物生态学领域有着广泛的应用.本文应用DGGE技术对处理含氨废气的生物滤塔中微生物多样性随时间的变化进行了研究.在生物滤塔运行的不同时间采集滤塔中的填料样品,进行了生物滤塔对氨处理效果的分析和DGGE分析.结果显示,污泥和混合填料生物滤塔氨的出气浓度在经过一段时间后,逐渐升高,而堆肥生物滤塔的运行情况较好,对氨的去除效率始终在98%以上.PCR-DGGE图谱显示,不同时间的相同填料中微生物DGGE图谱有着明显的差异性.Shannon指数分析表明,填料中微生物的多样性都随着反应器运行时间的延长而有所减少.运行一个月后,混合填料的微生物多样性指数最低为0.389;其次为污泥填料,其多样性指数为0.473;堆肥填料的微生物多样性程度最高为0.569.生物滤塔对氨的去除效果与填料中微生物多样性Shannon指数之间有一定的相关关系.主成分分析(PCA)显示对于堆肥和污泥来说,填料样品之间微生物群落结构相似性较高,而混合填料样品间的微生物群落结构相似性较低.

Preliminary Application of PCR-DGGE to Analyzing Microbial Diversity in Biofilters Treating Air Loaded with Ammonia

As a new DNA fingerprinting technique, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) can be used to analyze the microbial diversity in different environmental samples. Three biofilters treating air loaded with ammonia will be studied with respect to microbial diversity by applying cultivation-independent molecular methods DGGE. The principal objectives of this paper include the development and application of a suitable set of molecular tools to deliver information about the possible microbial community changes within carriers during treatment of ammonia-contaminated gas. Carriers were sampled at different time during operation of biofilters. After extraction and purification of the genomic DNA, the 16S rRNA genes (V3 region) were amplified by using the specific primers. These amplified DNA fragments were then separated by paralleled DGGE. The profile of DGGE showed that the same carrier at different time had the different bands' patterns. The structural diversity of the microbial community was examined by the Shannon index of general diversity H. Shannon indexes of three kinds of carriers all showed a decrease with time, which had a similar trend to NH 3 removal efficiency.