厌氧氨氧化微生物颗粒化及其脱氮性能的研究

利用厌氧颗粒污泥作为种泥，启动SBR反应器，旨在培养厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥以及研究其脱氮性能.结果表明，水力停留时间(HRT)是富集厌氧氨氧化微生物的1个重要控制因素，以HRT为30 d，第58 d时，SBR反应器就出现厌氧氨氧化现象，与此同时，颗粒污泥由灰黑色变为棕褐色，粒径减小.到第90 d时，成功培养出厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥，NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₂-N同时被去除，最大去除速率分别达到14.6 g/(m³·d)和6.67 g/(m³·d).从第110　d开始，逐步降低HRT，以提高基质负荷促进厌氧氨氧化菌生长.到目前t＝156　d，HRT降到5　d，氨氮和亚硝酸氮的去除率分别达到60.6%和62.5%，亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率为1.12.污泥也由棕褐色变为红棕色，形成红棕色的具有高厌氧氨氧化活性颗粒污泥，总氮负荷达到34.3 g/(m³·d).

Cultivation and Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of ANAMMOX Granules

An SBR reactor seeded with anaerobic granular sludge was started-up to enrich ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonia oxidation) bacteria and investigate its nitrogen removal characteristics. Research results showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) was the most important factor to enrich ANAMMOX bacteria. When the HRT was controlled at 30 d during the initial cultivation, the SBR reactor presented ANAMMOX activity at t=58 days. Simultaneously, the anaerobic granular sludge changed gradually from dust black to brownish color and its diameter became smaller. At t=90 days, the ANAMMOX was obvious, and ANAMMOX granules was cultivated successfully. NH⁺₄-N and NO^-₂-N were removed simultaneously with higher speed and maximum removal rate reached 14.6 g/(m³·d) and 6.67 g/(m³·d) respectively. Between t=110 days and t=156 days, the nitrogen load was increased gradually to a hydraulic retention time of 5 days. The removal rate of ammonium and nitrite were 60.6% and 62.5% respectively. The ratio of nitrite/ammonium was 1.12. The sludge changed to henna and formed ANAMMOX granulation with high nitrogen removal activity. The total nitrogen load was 34.3 g/(m³·d).